Extract of Calvatia gigantea inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells

Abstract

In this study, in order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of Calvatia gigantea extract, edible mushroom species, which belong to Lycoperdaceae family, changes of CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, p21, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect of C. gigantea extract was evaluated by using XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5 carboxanilide). The C. gigantea extract was treated in a time and dose dependent manner within the range 25 μg/ml-2 mg/ml to determine the IC50 dose. IC50 dose for C. gigantea extract was detected as 500 μg/ml for 72 h. According to expression results, while CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression clearly decreased, Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression clearly increased in the dose group cells (A549 cells treated with 500 μg/ml dose of C. gigantea extract for 72 h). However, there was no change in p21 expression. C. gigantea extract induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression and by increasing Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in A549 cells. Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms heavily used because of their supposedly anticancer effect. Many mushroom species have been used for medical purposes, as a result of also having many effects such as antibiotic, antiviral and anticancer effects. It is thought that the C. gigantea extract may be a significant agent for treatment of lung cancer as a single agent or in combination with other drugs.

Molecular identification, in vivo and in vitro activities of Calvatia gigantea (macro-fungus) as an antidiabetic agent

“…This was further confirmed by an MTT colorimeter assay against Vero cells that shows C. gigantea nontoxic with CC 50 of 337.4, as compared to cyclophosphamide with CC 50 of 8.71. Most species of the Calvatia genus generally known as giant puffballs are known to be edible, they are used as sources of traditionally nutritional food especially before spore maturation (Eroglu et al 2016 ; Lee et al 2017 , 2018 ), hence their non toxicity in our assays further establish their edibility.…”

Ethnomycological Investigation in Serbia: Astonishing Realm of Mycomedicines and Mycofood

“…Calvacin, a protein obtained from the spores of this fungus, was active against a range of tumors studied by Roland et al [ 37 ]. It has been shown that this mushroom could have beneficial effects on lung cancer—the mechanism behind this cytotoxic activity is increased Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression, and the downregulation of G1/S-specific cyclin D1 (CCND1), CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 in A549 lung cancer cells [ 38 ]. One of the most abundant molecules of C. gigantea is gentisic acid [ 36 ], a phenolic compound which reduces the number of HT29 cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line) [ 39 ].…”

A natural derivative from ethnomedicinal mushroom potentiates apoptosis, autophagy and attenuates cell migration, via fine tuning the Akt signaling in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549)

“…In present scenario, the phytocomponents obtained from mushroom are acquiring booming concentration in the territory of cancer biology because of their negligible toxicity and profitability 6 . Accumulating illustrations have revealed that bioactive compounds and extracts from medicinal mushrooms inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of adenocarcinoma human cells and can be owned as a chemotherapeutic agent 7–11 . Clinical practices have also assessed the anticarcinogenic property of medicinal mushrooms 12 .…”