1995
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.69.2.1243-1252.1995
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Abstract: The vpr gene product of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus is a virion-associated regulatory protein that has been shown using vpr mutant viruses to increase virus replication, particularly in monocytes/macrophages. We have previously shown that vpr can directly inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation, events linked to the control of HIV replication, and also that the replication of a vpr mutant but not that of wild-type HIV type 1 (HIV-1) was compatible wit… Show more

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Cited by 161 publications
(48 citation statements)
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References 69 publications
(73 reference statements)
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“…Even during such a period, virus is actively produced (59 -61). Reports that Vpr is present in the AIDS patients' sera (62,63) and that exogenously added Vpr can enhance viral production of the cells with latent infection (62, 63) suggest that Vpr would be distributed in the whole body of the AIDS patients. Many cells are susceptible to repeated or continuous exposure of Vpr affecting genetic integrity.…”
Section: Vpr-induced Min Formation and Aneuploidymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even during such a period, virus is actively produced (59 -61). Reports that Vpr is present in the AIDS patients' sera (62,63) and that exogenously added Vpr can enhance viral production of the cells with latent infection (62, 63) suggest that Vpr would be distributed in the whole body of the AIDS patients. Many cells are susceptible to repeated or continuous exposure of Vpr affecting genetic integrity.…”
Section: Vpr-induced Min Formation and Aneuploidymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, Vpr is required for the primary viral infection of resting macrophages and was shown to contribute to the translocation of the preintegration complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus [10]. Second, Vpr is present in the plasma of infected patients, and exogenously added Vpr can induce viral reproduction in latently infected cells [11,12]. Recently, we analyzed the level of Vpr in the plasma of HIV-1-positive individuals and detected the protein in 20 out of 52 patients examined [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, a large number of studies have reported that treatment of cells with recombinant Vpr or C-terminal Vpr fragments resulted in apoptosis (Ayyavoo et al, 1997;Jacotot et al, 2000;Patel et al, 2000) and cytotoxic effects (Huang et al, 2000;Piller et al, 1999) in a variety of cell types. Furthermore, recombinant Vpr was also shown to activate AP-1, JNK, and NF-κB in primary macrophages (Varin et al, 2005), to impair cytokine production in DC (Majumder et al, 2007) and to enhance replication in chronically infected cells and in acutely infected primary macrophages (Levy et al, 1995;Sherman et al, 2002b;Varin et al, 2005). However, it has not yet been clearly established how Vpr is released from HIV-1-infected cells.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%