Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Urologic Malignancies

Junker, Kerstin; Heinzelmann, Joana; Beckham, Carla; Ochiya, Takahiro; Jenster, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.046

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The biogenesis and release of Exos is a complex symphony involving a series of factors, representatively including the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), ALIX (also known as programed cell death 6‐interacting protein), phospholipase, vacuolar protein sorting‐associated 4 (VPS4), Rab GTPase proteins, sphingomyelinase, and ceramide 57, 58, 59…”

Section: Biogenesis and Release Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularized Extracellular Vesicles: The Dawn of Prospective Personalized and Precision Medicine

2018

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitous nanosized membrane vesicles consisting of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins and nucleic acids, which are active in intercellular communications. EVs are increasingly seen as a vital component of many biological functions that were once considered to require the direct participation of stem cells. Consequently, transplantation of EVs is gradually becoming considered an alternative to stem cell transplantation due to their significant advantages, including their relatively low probability of neoplastic transformation and abnormal differentiation. However, as research has progressed, it is realized that EVs derived from native‐source cells may have various shortcomings, which can be corrected by modification and optimization. To date, attempts are made to modify or improve almost all the components of EVs, including the lipid bilayer, proteins, and nucleic acids, launching a new era of modularized EV therapy through the “modular design” of EV components. One high‐yield technique, generating EV mimetic nanovesicles, will help to make industrial production of modularized EVs a reality. These modularized EVs have highly customized “modular design” components related to biological function and targeted delivery and are proposed as a promising approach to achieve personalized and precision medicine.

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Section: Biogenesis and Release Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularized Extracellular Vesicles: The Dawn of Prospective Personalized and Precision Medicine

2018

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“…It was identified that miR-19a is cardioprotective, miR22 improve ischaemic injury and reduce apoptosis and 20S proteasome promote angiogenesis and inhibit oxidative stress [14] . Interestingly, it was found that the exchange of mRNA, miRNA and proteins may be bidirectional, MVs released from injured cells may reprogram the phenotype of stem cells to induce differentiation.…”

Section: Surface Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. The MVB fuses with the plasma membrane to release the contained exosomes in the extracellular space.MVB = multivesicular body [14] . Alix ALG-2-interacting protein X, MHC major histocompatibility complex, miRNA microRNA, Tsg101 tumour susceptibility gene 101, MVB multivesicular body (7).…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles

ElFattah

2017

Journal of Medical Histology

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] In this Review we provide an update on the use of miRNAs specifically within the blood and/or urine of patients with urological cancers as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 The precise function of secreted vesicles is still under discussion, but results show that miRNAs enable cells to communicate with each other. 6,18,19 Detecting miRNAs in biofluids is challenging and methodological pitfalls have to be taken into account. Factors that could affect miRNA measurements in the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases of detection include the method of sample collection, processing conditions, storage conditions, RNA isolation technique, quality control, quantification principle and the method of data evaluation (Box 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%