Extracellular vesicles: a missing component in plant cell wall remodeling

Canal, Laura de la; Pinedo, Marcela

doi:10.1093/jxb/ery255

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…EVs are posited to function as a primordial excretion mechanism, accumulating and allowing rapid disposal of protein aggregates/unfolded proteins [48] and possibly other toxic compounds. EVs are also implicated in cell wall remodeling in microbes [49] and in plants [50]. Cell wall and EV trafficking are intimately connected since EV release likely requires cell wall remodeling or, at the very least, its elastic distortion.…”

Section: Vesicles Cannot Cross Rigid Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Answers to naysayers regarding microbial extracellular vesicles

Coelho

Casadevall

2019

Biochemical Society Transactions

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It is now over 30 years since the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in Gram-negative bacteria. However, for cell-walled microbes such as fungi, mycobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria it was thought that EV release would be impossible, since such structures were not believed to cross the thick cell wall. This notion was disproven 10 years ago with the discovery of EVs in fungi, mycobacteria, and gram-positive bacteria. Today, EVs have been described in practically every species tested, ranging from Fungi through Bacteria and Archaea, suggesting that EVs are a feature of every living cell. However, there continues to be skepticism in some quarters regarding EV release and their biological significance. In this review, we list doubts that have been verbalized to us and provide answers to counter them. In our opinion, there is no doubt as to existence and physiological function of EVs and we take this opportunity to highlight the most pressing topics in our understanding of the biological processes underlying these structures.

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Section: Vesicles Cannot Cross Rigid Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Answers to naysayers regarding microbial extracellular vesicles

Coelho

Casadevall

2019

Biochemical Society Transactions

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“…They are mainly located in the cell wall and participate in the cell elongation, cuticle deposition, and cell wall structural variation that occurs during grain development. They may be transported by vesicles from the cytoplasm to the extracellular compartment [23]. The identification and functional understanding of these protein actors are essential to gain access to cell wall dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development

Cherkaoui

Lollier

Geairon

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The cell wall is an important compartment in grain cells that fulfills both structural and functional roles. It has a dynamic structure that is constantly modified during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Non-structural cell wall proteins (CWPs) are key players in the remodeling of the cell wall during events that punctuate the plant life. Here, a subcellular and quantitative proteomic approach was carried out to identify CWPs possibly involved in changes in cell wall metabolism at two key stages of wheat grain development: the end of the cellularization step and the beginning of storage accumulation. Endosperm and outer layers of wheat grain were analyzed separately as they have different origins (maternal and seed) and functions in grains. Altogether, 734 proteins with predicted signal peptides were identified (CWPs). Functional annotation of CWPs pointed out a large number of proteins potentially involved in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling. In the grain outer layers, numerous proteins involved in cutin formation or lignin polymerization were found, while an unexpected abundance of proteins annotated as plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitors were identified in the endosperm. In addition, numerous CWPs were accumulating in the endosperm at the grain filling stage, thus revealing strong metabolic activities in the cell wall during endosperm cell differentiation, while protein accumulation was more intense at the earlier stage of development in outer layers. Altogether, our work gives important information on cell wall metabolism during early grain development in both parts of the grain, namely the endosperm and outer layers. The wheat cell wall proteome is the largest cell wall proteome of a monocot species found so far.

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“…Lionetti et al (2017) showed that pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and pectin methylesterification are dynamically modulated by endogenous PME inhibitors (PMEIs) during the infection, thereby pointing out the role of PMEIs in mediating the maintenance of CW integrity in plant immunity. Interestingly, proteomics analyses of EVs isolated from sunflower seedlings revealed that a large part (112 out of 237 proteins, 47%) of the identified EV proteins are CWinteracting proteins, including enzymes involved in the degradation and reorganization of polysaccharides (de la Canal and Pinedo, 2018). This implicates EVs in the unconventional secretion of CW-modifying enzymes and suggests a role of EVs in modifying the composition of plant CW.…”

Section: Secretion Of Proteins and Peptides By Plants And Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way these LSPs could be exported to the extracellular milieu is through EVs. In this context, several recent studies led to the characterization of unconventional protein secretory (UPS) pathways that involve EVs for the export of proteins to the extracellular space (Pinedo et al, 2012;Davis et al, 2016;de la Canal and Pinedo, 2018). Owing to their rigid CWs, the production of EVs in plants had first seemed improbable.…”

Section: Secretion Of Proteins and Peptides By Plants And Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

2020

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The plant secretome is usually considered in the frame of proteomics, aiming at characterizing extracellular proteins, their biological roles and the mechanisms accounting for their secretion in the extracellular space. In this review, we aim to highlight recent results pertaining to secretion through the conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways notably those involving plant exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, plants are well known to actively secrete a large array of different molecules from polymers (e.g. extracellular RNA and DNA) to small compounds (e.g. ATP, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, phytohormones). All of these play pivotal roles in plant-fungi (or oomycetes) interactions, both for beneficial (mycorrhizal fungi) and deleterious outcomes (pathogens) for the plant. For instance, recent work reveals that such secretion of small molecules by roots is of paramount importance to sculpt the rhizospheric microbiota. Our aim in this review is to extend the definition of the plant and fungal secretomes to a broader sense to better understand the functioning of the plant/microorganisms holobiont. Fundamental perspectives will be brought to light along with the novel tools that should support establishing an environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture.

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Extracellular vesicles: a missing component in plant cell wall remodeling

Cited by 58 publications

References 32 publications

Answers to naysayers regarding microbial extracellular vesicles

Answers to naysayers regarding microbial extracellular vesicles

Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

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