Extracellular Trap Formation by Donkey Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Against Toxoplasma gondii

Yıldız, Kader; Gökpınar, Sami; Sürsal, Neslihan; Babür, Cahit; Özen, Doğukan; Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.002

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, we show that the cystogenic strain ME49 also induces NET release, and that production of NET by cat neutrophils in response to both virulent or cystogenic strains occurs either in a classical way, after a few hours, or in a rapid way, within the first 15 min of interaction with parasites. Early NET release has been previously shown for neutrophils from intermediate hosts in response to RH strain [30,31,34,35] and from bovine neutrophils stimulated with a related apicomplexan parasite, Besnoitia besnoiti [49]. Zhou and colleagues present evidence that bovine neutrophils produce NET within ≈30 min of interaction with B. besnoiti bradyzoites, and that the overall phenotype and crawling activities of neutrophils seem not to be affected by this event, suggesting that the rapid NET release is vital [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A few years later, production of NET in response to T. gondii infection was shown for other intermediate hosts. Neutrophils from dog [35], sheep and cattle [31], donkey [34], harbour seal [30], and dolphin [33] all release NET induced by this parasite. Moreover, Lacerda and colleagues recently showed that neutrophils from cats also produce NET in response to T. gondii [36], although without exploring its mechanism or NET toxicity to the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Release of NET can be triggered by an uncountable number of biological stimuli, including bacteria, fungus, viruses, helminths, and protozoans such as the pathogenic parasite T. gondii [24][25][26][27][28]. Neutrophils from different organisms release NET upon interaction with T. gondii, including those of mice, humans, dogs, cattle, sheep, donkey, harbor seals, and dolphins [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], all of which are intermediate hosts for the parasite. Recently, extracellular traps were also shown to be produced by cat neutrophils [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Traps Released by Neutrophils from Cats are Detrimental to Toxoplasma gondii Infectivity

et al. 2020

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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease that affects over 30% of the human world population, causing fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. The life cycle of T. gondii is complex, and involves intermediate hosts (birds and mammals) and definitive hosts (felines, including domestic cats). The innate immune repertoire against the parasite involves the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and neutrophils from several intermediate hosts produce NET induced by T. gondii. However, the mechanisms underlying NET release in response to the parasite have been poorly explored. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate whether neutrophils from cats produce NET triggered by T. gondii and to understand the mechanisms thereby involved. Neutrophils from cats were stimulated with T. gondii tachyzoites and NET-derived DNA in the supernatant was quantified during the time. The presence of histone H1 and myeloperoxidase was detected by immunofluorescence. We observed that cat neutrophils produce both classical and rapid/early NET stimulated by T. gondii. Inhibition of elastase, intracellular calcium, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ partially blocked classical NET release in response to the parasite. Electron microscopy revealed strands and networks of DNA in close contact or completely entrapping parasites. Live imaging showed that tachyzoites are killed by NET. We conclude that the production of NET is a conserved strategy to control infection by T. gondii amongst intermediate and definitive hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Traps Released by Neutrophils from Cats are Detrimental to Toxoplasma gondii Infectivity

et al. 2020

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“…Neutrophils play an important role in maintaining innate host defence against pathogens in dogs. In general, in vitro experiments design to understand neutrophil functions during the defence to infectious microorganisms in the organism (Gosset et al, 1983;Yildiz et al, 2017;Lawson et al, 2018;Yildiz et al, 2019). Neutrophil separation can be accomplished by centrifugation with different density gradient solutions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte isolation from venous blood of the dog

Karakurt

Yıldız

2019

Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences

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The current study aimed to isolate neutrophils from venous blood samples of healthy dogs. Venous blood samples were obtained from Venae cephalica of clinically healthy dogs (n:5) into heparinized tubes. The blood samples (2 mL) and Percoll dilutions (45%, 54%, 63%, and 72%) prepared with Hanks Balanced Salt Solution were layered into sterile tubes. After centrifuge, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were aspirated between 63% and 72% interfaces of the Percoll dilutions into tubes. The samples of PMN observed under a light microscope. Viability was detected microscopically after stained with trypan blue dye. Diff-Quick staining was used to detect neutrophil purity of the isolated PMN. In the present study, the neutrophils ratio was calculated as 92% of the isolated polymorphonuclear cells. The neutrophil viability was calculated as 98% of PMNs isolated from the venous blood samples of healthy dogs. In the present study, the Percoll gradient centrifugation (72%, 63%, 54%, and 45%) is a fast technic for isolation of the neutrophils from venous blood samples of dogs.

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“…Finally, the apicomplexan parasite, T. gondii, has also been shown to trigger NET formation in other mammalian species [28,80], and in donkeys [70]. These NETs were correlated with NE and ROS activity [70].…”

Section: Extracellular Traps In Equidaementioning

confidence: 97%

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Neumann

Brogden²,

Köckritz-Blickwede

2020

Biology

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The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life. Biology 2020, 9, 34 2 of 23On the basis of findings from several studies mostly performed with human and murine neutrophils, the following three different pathways that lead to the formation of ETs by innate immune cells have been identified: (1) Release of nuclear DNA by ETosis, a suicidal cell death associated with the rupture of the nuclear membrane prior to cell lysis [14,15]; (2) vesicular release of nuclear DNA by viable cells [16,17]; and (3) release of mitochondrial DNA [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to one or the other phenotype of ET formation has still not been entirely clarified. A group of renowned scientists and experts on NETs has recently published an opinionated review on the subject due to the abundance of available data that has also led to some confusion in the NET/ET research community because of contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, for example, the molecular pathways of ET formation or the origin of the DNA that forms the ET scaffold [20]. There is a strong consensus about the composition of ETs among the findings that NETs contain a high amount of granule proteins, for example, cell-type-specific proteases and other antibacterial molecules that are associated with DNA-histone complexes. However, it is still unclear how different triggers or pathways have led to phenotypical differences about the source of DNA or viability of the ET-releasing cell.Comparison of ET phenotypical differences between host species in relation to evolutionary aspects, especially by comparing data from phylogenetic groups, would help to understand the pathways of ET formation in more detail.

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Extracellular Trap Formation by Donkey Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Against Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Extracellular Traps Released by Neutrophils from Cats are Detrimental to Toxoplasma gondii Infectivity

Extracellular Traps Released by Neutrophils from Cats are Detrimental to Toxoplasma gondii Infectivity

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte isolation from venous blood of the dog

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

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