Extinction Can Reduce the Impact of Reward Cues on Reward-Seeking Behavior

Lovibond, Peter F.; Satkunarajah, Michelle; Colagiuri, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.03.005

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(3) In contrast to the general PIT, none of the participants reported a conscious strategy for the specific PIT, which suggests that the distribution of force between hands was controlled unconsciously. Given that previous studies in humans have already shown the importance of contingency awareness in PIT (Talmi et al, 2008; Nadler et al, 2011; Lovibond et al, 2015), the unconscious control of bimanual force distribution may have diminished the specific PIT effect. Thus, the lack of specific PIT effects may be due to difficulties in establishing a transfer effect with this bimanual paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This experimental procedure is called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). The PIT phenomenon has been widely investigated in both animals (for review see Holmes et al, 2010) and humans (Bray et al, 2008; Talmi et al, 2008; Huys et al, 2011, 2016; Prévost et al, 2012; Lewis et al, 2013; Watson et al, 2014; Cartoni et al, 2015; Garofalo and di Pellegrino, 2015; Lovibond et al, 2015; Sebold et al, 2016; Quail et al, 2017) making this a useful model for translational research and in addressing our questions about potential reward-type specific influences on behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monetary, Food, and Social Rewards Induce Similar Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects

Lehner

Balsters²,

Herger³

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Multiple types of reward, such as money, food or social approval, are capable of driving behavior. However, most previous investigations have only focused on one of these reward classes in isolation, as such it is not clear whether different reward classes have a unique influence on instrumental responding or whether the subjective value of the reward, rather than the reward type per se, is most important in driving behavior. Here, we investigate behavior using a well-established reward paradigm, Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), and three different reward types: monetary, food and social rewards. The subjective value of each reward type was matched using a modified Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auction where subjective reward value was expressed through physical effort using a bimanual grip force task. We measured the influence of reward-associated stimuli on how participants distributed forces between hands when reaching a target effort range on the screen bimanually and on how much time participants spent in this target range. Participants spent significantly more time in the target range (15% ± 2% maximal voluntary contraction) when a stimulus was presented that was associated with a reward used during instrumental conditioning or Pavlovian conditioning compared to a stimulus associated with a neutral outcome (i.e., general PIT). The strength of the PIT effect was modulated by subjective value (i.e., individuals who showed a stronger PIT effect rated the value of rewards more highly), but not by reward type, demonstrating that stimuli of all reward types were able to act as appetitive reinforcers and influenced instrumental responding, when matched to the same subjective reward value. This is the first demonstration that individually matched monetary, food and social rewards are equally effective as appetitive reinforcers in PIT. These findings strengthen the hypotheses that the subjective value is crucial for how much reward-associated stimuli influence behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monetary, Food, and Social Rewards Induce Similar Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects

Lehner

Balsters²,

Herger³

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…The reason that the Pit effect is discussed in this section is that Pit, just like habits, is fairly insensitive to extinction training. More specifically, attempts to reduce Pit by presenting the cue without the desired outcome have produced mixed results (Lovibond, Satkunarajah, & Colagiuri, 2015;Cartoni, Balleine, & Baldassarre, 2016). This means that repeatedly going to the movie without being in the presence of his girlfriend will by itself not necessarily lower Finn's tendency to emit behaviour that previously resulted in being in her presence.…”

Section: Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of your absence: A conditioning theory of grief

Boddez

2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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I present a conditioning theory of grief. From conditioning research on appetitive disorders (e.g., addiction and binge eating), I borrow the concept cue-elicited craving. More precisely, the theory postulates that, throughout a life together, a variety of cues become associated with the presence of the loved one and that because of this these cues can trigger craving and (an action tendency for) searching for the deceased. Starting from this perspective, I additionally invoke extinction phenomena to explain the possible persistence of grief. Arguably, the theory has good heuristic value, because it allows to explain a variety of grief symptoms and to bring together existing knowledge in a unifying learning framework. In addition, the theory has good predictive value, because it opens the door to considering new research and treatment directions.

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“…Studies of appetitive motivation have extensively examined PIT, and its sensitivity to treatments such as extinction (Delamater, 1996 ; Holmes et al, 2010 ; Lovibond et al, 2015 ; Cartoni et al, 2016 ) and outcome devaluation (Holland, 2004 ; Corbit and Janak, 2010 ). Such analyses have not been performed on aversive PIT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavlovian Extinction and Recovery Effects in Aversive Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer

Campese

Kim

Rojas

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Three studies explored the sensitivity of aversive Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) to Pavlovian extinction in rodents. Rats underwent Pavlovian conditioning prior to avoidance training. The PIT test then involved assessment of the effects of the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) on the performance of the avoidance response (AR). Conducting extinction prior to avoidance training and transfer testing, allowed spontaneous recovery and shock reinstatement of extinguished motivation, whereas conducting extinction following avoidance training and just prior to PIT testing successfully reduced transfer effects. This was also the case in a design that compared responding to an extinguished CS against a non-extinguished CS rather than comparing extinguished and non-extinguished groups to one another. While extinction treatments in many appetitive PIT studies do not successfully reduce transfer, and can sometimes enhance the effect, the current findings show that an extinction treatment temporally close to transfer testing can reduce the motivational impact of the aversive Pavlovian CS on instrumental avoidance responding.

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Extinction Can Reduce the Impact of Reward Cues on Reward-Seeking Behavior

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Monetary, Food, and Social Rewards Induce Similar Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects

Monetary, Food, and Social Rewards Induce Similar Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects

The presence of your absence: A conditioning theory of grief

Pavlovian Extinction and Recovery Effects in Aversive Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer

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