External morphology of immature stages of Zaretis strigosus (Gmelin) and Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre comb. nov., with taxonomic notes on Siderone (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)

DNA barcodes uncover hidden taxonomic diversity behind the variable wing patterns in the Neotropical butterfly genusZaretis(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)

“…Comparison of inter-and intraspecific AEDs suggests the existence of a distinct DNA barcode gap, with little to no overlap for species of these genera. Neighbor-joining, ML and BI analyses (Figs 1-3; Supporting Information, Appendices S3-S5) recovered 15 monophyletic clades corresponding to the putative species (based on Willmott & Hall, 2004;Dias et al, 2012Dias et al, , 2015 and four previously unrecognized species, described below. Two species formerly in Zaretis are here transferred to the new genus Phantos Dias gen. nov., described below, and P. opalina stat.…”

“…The clade Z. ellops + Z. strigosus was recovered in all analyses with strong support (NJ, BS = 81; ML, BS = 98; BI, PP = 100), a relationship that is supported by the morphology of both the male and the female genitalia (see below). Zaretis strigosus was formerly synonymized with Z. isidora (Lamas, 2004;Willmott & Hall, 2004), although it was later informally resurrected by a number of authors in faunistic studies (see Dias et al, 2015). The clade Z. hurin sp.…”

“…More than 40 years after the preceding revision of the genus (Comstock, 1961), and 50 years since the previous description of a new species (Bryk, 1953), the taxonomy of Zaretis was succinctly reviewed by Willmott & Hall (2004), and three new species (Willmott & Hall, 2004;Choimet, 2009;Dias, Casagrande & Mielke, 2012) and two subspecies (Brévignon, 2006) were described. Additionally, two taxonomic names, one previously in synonymy and another recognized as a subspecies, were recognized as valid species (Dias et al, 2012(Dias et al, , 2015, increasing the number of valid species to ten. Nevertheless, only three of those ten species are easily recognizable: Zaretis syene (Hewitson, 1856), Zaretis callidryas (R. Felder, 1869) and Zaretis delassisei Choimet, 2009. The identification of the remaining species is complicated by a lack of consistent external diagnostic characters, owing to the high level of intraspecific variation in both sexes that occurs both within a single locality and throughout the distributional range of these species (Pyrcz & Neild, 1996;Willmott & Hall, 2004).…”

“…Comstock, 1961;Vane-Wright, 1975;Lamas, 2004;Willmott & Hall, 2004). Despite recent efforts to facilitate the identification of some taxa (Willmott & Hall, 2004;Dias et al, 2012Dias et al, , 2015, the correct association of most of those names and the species diversity within the genus have remained uncertain.…”

Immature stages of the turquoise‐banded shoemaker Archaeoprepona amphimachus pseudomeander (Fruhstorfer, 1906) and a comparative review of the Preponini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

“…; Dias et al . ). However they are present in the following species of Preponini: A. demophon thalpius , P. claudina annetta , P. laertes laertes and P. pylene .…”