External Irritation as a Factor in the Causation of Lupus Erythematosus Discoides

Atrophic Facial Scars Secondary to Discoid Lupus Erythematous: Treatment Using the Erbium:YAG Laser

“…It has been traditionally taught that surgical treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus scars should be avoided, as it might exacerbate the disease and cause further scarring 1,2,9 . This belief originated from case reports and retrospective series published before the 1960s which suggested a causal relationship between traumatic injuries and DLE 10–12 . DLE was reported to develop several days to several months after injury at the site of various kinds of traumatic injuries, including surgical and accidental skin lacerations, contusions, burns, insect bites, tattoos, and radiation therapy 10–14 …”

“…1,2,9 This belief originated from case reports and retrospective series published before the 1960s which suggested a causal relationship between traumatic injuries and DLE. [10][11][12] DLE was reported to develop several days to several months after injury at the site of various kinds of traumatic injuries, including surgical and accidental skin lacerations, contusions, burns, insect bites, tattoos, and radiation therapy. [10][11][12][13][14] In two large series reported by Lodin 13 and Rowell and Goodfield, 14 the frequencies of DLE emerging after trauma were 2.2 and 11%, respectively.…”

Surgical Excision of Trauma‐Induced Verrucous Lupus Erythematosus

“…Our patient has had widespread chronic discoid lupus erythematosus and developed verrucous lesions on the forearm and hand subsequent to burn trauma. The traumatic induction of lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus is well known 7 . In fact, in one study, burns were the most common inciting agent of trauma‐induced lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus 8 .…”

Koebner’s phenomenon in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…The provocating factors of the Koebner phenomenon are diverse, but in most cases, they are nonspecific factors in which inflammatory reactions are commonly observed [2]. Needling, scratches [7], trauma [8], sun exposure, X-rays, heat, cold, pressure, drug administration, silica granulomas, tattooing, and scars have been described to elucidate Koebner phenomenon [2][3][4][5] .…”