Extensive Maternal DNA Hypomethylation in the Endosperm of <i>Zea mays</i>

Lauria, Massimiliano; Rupe, Mary A.; Guo, Mei; Kranz, Erhard; Pirona, Raul; Viotti, Angelo; Lund, Gertrud

doi:10.1105/tpc.017780

Cited by 95 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(67 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Judging from these data, we could see that genic sequences were more prone to differential methylation than repetitive DNA. Similar results were obtained from MSAP experiments in sorghum , rice (Wang et al, 2011a), and maize (Lauria et al, 2004).…”

Section: Differential Methylation Targets 59 and 39 Edges Of Genic Resupporting

confidence: 75%

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DNA methylation is an important and widespread epigenetic modification in plant genomes, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DMTs). DNA methylation is known to play a role in genome protection, regulation of gene expression, and splicing and was previously associated with major developmental reprogramming in plants, such as vernalization and transition to flowering. Here, we show that DNA methylation also controls the growth processes of cell division and cell expansion within a growing organ. The maize (Zea mays) leaf offers a great tool to study growth processes, as the cells progressively move through the spatial gradient encompassing the division zone, transition zone, elongation zone, and mature zone. Opposite to de novo DMTs, the maintenance DMTs were transcriptionally regulated throughout the growth zone of the maize leaf, concomitant with differential CCGG methylation levels in the four zones. Surprisingly, the majority of differentially methylated sequences mapped on or close to gene bodies and not to repeat-rich loci. Moreover, especially the 59 and 39 regions of genes, which show overall low methylation levels, underwent differential methylation in a developmental context. Genes involved in processes such as chromatin remodeling, cell cycle progression, and growth regulation, were differentially methylated. The presence of differential methylation located upstream of the gene anticorrelated with transcript expression, while gene body differential methylation was unrelated to the expression level. These data indicate that DNA methylation is correlated with the decision to exit mitotic cell division and to enter cell expansion, which adds a new epigenetic level to the regulation of growth processes.DNA methylation is the covalent modification of nucleotides in DNA by the addition of a methyl group. In the nuclear genome of higher eukaryotes, 5-methylcytosine is the most important DNA modification (Goll and Bestor, 2005). It is a phenomenon of ancient origin predating plant-animal diversification. However, some differences exist between plant and animal methylome patterning and function, and DNA methylation has been found to be evolutionarily lost in a few species (Feng et al., 2010;Zemach et al., 2010). Eukaryotic DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferase (DMT) enzymes that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl Met to the fifth carbon of cytosine. These enzymes can largely be subdivided in maintenance and de novo DMTs, depending on whether the recognition site is already methylated or not. Maintenance DMTs conserve the methylation status of symmetrical (palindromic) sites after DNA replication, by recognizing the hemimethylated locus and methylating the newly synthesized strand. In plants, there are two types of maintenance DMTs: DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (MET) and CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT). The former methylates CG sites during DNA replication, whereas the latter methylates CHG (H = A, C, or T) sites located in chromatin in which histone 3 is dimethylated on Lys-9 (Goll and Bestor, 2005). De no...

show abstract

Section: Differential Methylation Targets 59 and 39 Edges Of Genic Resupporting

confidence: 75%

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extensive imprinting during endosperm and early embryo development has been reported in maize (Evans and Kermicle, 2001;Danilevskaya et al, 2003;GutierrezMarcos et al, 2004;Lauria et al, 2004;Grimanelli et al, 2005). The effect of imprinting in maize is often on the maternally transmitted allele, which undergoes demethylation in the endosperm relative to the paternally transmitted allele which remains methylated (Alleman and Doctor, 2000;Lauria et al, 2004). This is in contrast to mammalian systems, which often add methyl groups to silence genes during imprinting (for a review on imprinting in mammals see Reik and Walter, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Growth of the maize endosperm and early embryo development are tightly regulated by maternal zygotic and sporophytic genes, some of which are imprinted (Lin, 1982;Lund et al, 1995a, b;Chaudhury and Berger, 2001;Evans and Kermicle, 2001;Danilevskaya et al, 2003;Gutierrez-Marcos et al, 2004;Lauria et al, 2004;Grimanelli et al, 2005). From seedling onwards, maize plants are able to detect neighbors through red/far-red signals (Kasperbauer and Karlen, 1994;Maddonni et al, 2002).…”

Section: Density Response In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A phenomenon that may contribute to differences between reciprocals in our study is imprinting. Imprinting has been described for endosperm and early embryo development in plants (Alleman and Doctor, 2000;Autran et al, 2005) and recently in adult sporophytic tissue (Kollipara et al, 2002;Lauria et al, 2004).…”

Section: Density Response In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kermicle (1970) first described single-gene imprinting for alleles of the maize r1 locus that showed parent-specific differences in gene expression during endosperm development. Extensive imprinting during endosperm and early embryo development has been reported in maize (Evans and Kermicle, 2001;Danilevskaya et al, 2003;GutierrezMarcos et al, 2004;Lauria et al, 2004;Grimanelli et al, 2005). The effect of imprinting in maize is often on the maternally transmitted allele, which undergoes demethylation in the endosperm relative to the paternally transmitted allele which remains methylated (Alleman and Doctor, 2000;Lauria et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mapping reciprocal effects and interactions with plant density stress in Zea mays L.

Gonzalo¹,

Vyn

Holland

et al. 2007

Heredity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reciprocal effects are due to genetic effects of the parents (i.e. maternal and paternal effects), cytoplasmic effects and parent-of-origin effects. However, in Zea mays L. the extent to which reciprocal effects exist, or can be attributed to specific underlying components, remains an area of interest and study. Reciprocal effects have been reported by several investigators for various agronomic characters in different types of maize materials for grain and silage usage. Maize geneticists and breeders have recognized reciprocal effects as one source of genetic variability, but the lack of consistency in the observation of these effects, particularly due to stress conditions, has prevented a systematic exploitation of these effects in practical breeding programs. There is mounting molecular evidence for underlying mechanisms in maize, which could be responsible for both the existence, and the instability of reciprocal effects. In this study, we developed population of reciprocal backcrosses based on an initial set of recombinant inbred lines. This population was used for dissecting reciprocal effects into the underlying components (maternal, cytoplasmic and parentof-origin) effects. We also developed statistical framework to identify and map contributions of specific nuclear chromosomal regions to reciprocal effects. We showed that differences in maternal parents, endosperm DNA and maternally transmitted factors collectively influence reciprocal effects early during the season, and that their influence diluted at later stages. We also found evidence that parent-of-origin effects in the sporophyte DNA existed at all stages and played an important role in establishing differences between reciprocal backcrosses at later developmental stages.

show abstract

Endosperm Development

Tonosaki

Kinoshita

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endosperm is a tissue in the seeds of many plants and supports embryonic and seedling growth by providing nutrients stored in its cells. As the stored products, starches, proteins and oils are valuable to humans for nutrition and as industrial materials, endosperm development has been well documented, particularly in cereal plants such as maize, barley and rice. Molecular genetics and genomics analyses have also been widely applied to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Although the structures and amounts of endosperm within mature seeds vary considerably among plant species, most of the developmental events, such as genetic and epigenetic controls, are conserved. Key Concepts The programme of endosperm development varies among plant species. In most angiosperm species, seeds have three genetically distinct tissues: maternal diploid seed coat, fertilised diploid embryo and triploid endosperm. Endosperm consists of differentiated tissues that have distinct roles. Roles of parental genomes in the endosperm (2 maternal and 1 paternal) are not equivalent owing to asymmetric epigenetic modifications, similar to those in the mammalian placenta. Hybridisation barrier can be seen in the endosperm.

show abstract

Extensive Maternal DNA Hypomethylation in the Endosperm of Zea mays

Cited by 95 publications

References 62 publications

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

Mapping reciprocal effects and interactions with plant density stress in Zea mays L.

Endosperm Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About