Extensive Area of Topographic Anaglyphs Covering Inland and Seafloor Derived Using a Detailed Digital Elevation Model for Identifying Broad Tectonic Deformations

Goto, Hideaki

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55822-4_5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Topographical anaglyph images, viewed with red-cyan glasses, enable us to recognize various geomorphic features (Goto and Sugito 2012). Although it is usually difficult to detect a broad deformation related to recent faulting based on conventional maps and aerial photographs, we can easily recognize such subtle deformational features on anaglyphs by increasing vertical exaggeration, especially in urban areas (Goto 2016). In this study, we also used the aerial photographs at a scale of 1:10,000 to confirm the interpretation of anaglyph images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic features of surface ruptures associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in and around the downtown of Kumamoto City, and implications on triggered slip along active faults

Goto

Tsutsumi

Toda

et al. 2017

Earth Planets Space

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The ~30-km-long surface ruptures associated with the M w 7.0 (M j 7.3) earthquake at 01:25 JST on April 16 in Kumamoto Prefecture appeared along the previously mapped ~100-km-long active fault called the Futagawa-Hinagu fault zone (FHFZ). The surface ruptures appeared to have extended further west out of the main FHFZ into the Kumamoto Plain. Although InSAR analysis by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) indicated coseismic surface deformation in and around the downtown of Kumamoto City, the surface ruptures have not been clearly mapped in the central part of the Kumamoto Plain, and whether there are other active faults other than the Futagawa fault in the Kumamoto Plain remained unclear. We produced topographical stereo images (anaglyph) from 5-m-mesh digital elevation model of GSI, which was generated from light detection and ranging data. We interpreted them and identified that several SW-sloping river terraces formed after the deposition of the pyroclastic flow deposits related to the latest large eruption of the Aso caldera (86.8-87.3 ka) are cut and deformed by several NW-trending flexure scarps down to the southwest. These 5.4-km-long scarps that cut across downtown Kumamoto were identified for the first time, and we name them as the Suizenji fault zone. Surface deformation such as continuous cracks, tilts, and monoclinal folding associated with the main shock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was observed in the field along the fault zone. The amount of vertical deformation (~0.1 m) along this fault associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was quite small compared to the empirically calculated coseismic slip (0.5 m) based on the fault length. We thus suggest that the slip on this fault zone was triggered by the Kumamoto earthquake, but the fault zone has potential to generate an earthquake with larger slip that poses a high seismic risk in downtown Kumamoto area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic features of surface ruptures associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in and around the downtown of Kumamoto City, and implications on triggered slip along active faults

Goto

Tsutsumi

Toda

et al. 2017

Earth Planets Space

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“…The authorimported sea oor DEMs and the 30-m-mesh ALOS DSM into Simple DEM Viewer ® in order to produce topographic anaglyph images (Figure 2A). When topographic anaglyph images are viewed using red-cyan glasses, topographic relief features can be easily identi ed (Goto 2016). Anaglyphs produced using DEM data are effective tools from which to identify tectonic geomorphic features, such as small fault scarps, broad ground deformation, and tilting surfaces over extensive areas (Goto 2018;Goto et al 2017).…”

Section: Producing Topographical Anaglyphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Terraces reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic deformation in the Intermediate Zone between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands, Southwest Japan

Goto¹

2021

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Late Quaternary tectonic deformation of coastal areas is usually examined based on the height distribution of paleo-shorelines observed on marine terraces. However, it is difficult to examine deformation along the subduction zone, in which small, isolated islands are distributed. In this paper, the author focuses on the widespread shallow submarine terraces surrounding the Iheya-Izena islands in the middle part of the Nanseishoto islands, Southwest Japan, where crustal deformation is not known. The islands are located in the intermediate zone between island shelf uplifted during the Late Quaternary and the rift zone occurred to the northwest, along the Okinawa trough. Detailed topographic anaglyph images and maps of the islands were produced using a digital elevation model (DEM) of the seafloor, which is stored by the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) and the Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST). Topographic anaglyph images enabled us to identify the widespread distribution and deformation of the shallow seafloor above −200 m using red-cyan glasses. Four terrace-like features divided by small steps were found on the shallow seafloor, which are named T1, T2, T3, and T4, in descending order. Topographic expressions of paleo-shoreline depths are preserved on submarine terraces formed during the last glacial period. The paleo-shoreline depths of terraces T2 and T3 are −60 m and −70 m on the west side and −70 m and −80 m, respectively, on the east side of Iheyajima island; this indicates southeastward tilting. The tilting ratio of T2 and T3 was calculated to approximately 1‰. The tilting rate is approximately 1×10^4/kyr, assuming that the T2 was formed in 10–11 kyr. This is much more rapid than that of the last inter-glacial marine terraces in the Muroto peninsula of Shikoku, Japan, with a tilting rate of 4×10^5/kyr, which formed by steep northward tilting against the Nankai subduction zone. The author suggests that this phenomenon is not related to mega-thrusting along the subduction zone, but rather to local deformation, probably caused by the reverse faulting of nearby active submarine faults along the west side of the islands.

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“…We imported sea oor DEMs and the 30-m-mesh ALOS DSM into Simple DEM Viewer ® in order to produce topographic anaglyph images (Figure 2A). When topographic anaglyph images are viewed using red-cyan glasses, topographic relief features can be easily identi ed (Goto 2016). Anaglyphs produced using DEM data are effective tools from which to identify tectonic geomorphic features, such as small fault scarps, broad ground deformation, and tilting surfaces over extensive areas (Goto 2018;Goto et al 2017).…”

Section: Producing Topographical Anaglyphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Terraces Reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in the Intermediate Zone Between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands

Goto

2020

Preprint

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Late Quaternary tectonic deformation of coastal areas is usually examined based on the height distribution of paleo-shorelines observed on marine terraces. However, it is difficult to examine deformation along the subduction zone, in which small, isolated islands are distributed. In this paper, we focus on the widespread shallow submarine terraces surrounding the Iheya-Izena islands in the middle part of the Nanseishoto islands, where crustal deformation is not known. The islands are located in the intermediate zone between island shelf uplifted during the Late Quaternary and the rift zone occurred to the northwest, along the Okinawa trough.Detailed topographic anaglyph images and maps of the islands were produced using a digital elevation model (DEM) of the seafloor, which is stored by the Japan Coast Gard (JCG) and the Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST). Topographic anaglyph images enabled us to identify the widespread distribution and deformation of the shallow seafloor above −200 m using red-cyan glasses.Four terrace-like features divided by small steps were found on the shallow seafloor, which are named T1, T2, T3, and T4, in descending order. Topographic expressions of paleo-shoreline depths are preserved on submarine terraces formed during the last glacial period. The paleo-shoreline depths of terraces T2 and T3 are −60 m and −70 m on the west side and −70 m and −80 m, respectively, on the east side of Iheyajima island; this indicates southeastward tilting. The tilting ratio of T2 and T3 was calculated to approximately 1‰. The tilting rate is approximately 1×10^4/kyr, assuming that the T2 was formed in 10–11 kyr. This is much more rapid than that of the last inter-glacial marine terraces in the Muroto peninsula, with a tilting rate of 4×10^5/kyr, which formed by steep northward tilting against the Nankai subduction zone. We suggest that this phenomenon is not related to mega-thrusting along the subduction zone, but rather to local deformation, probably caused by the reverse faulting of nearby active submarine faults along the west side of the islands.

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Extensive Area of Topographic Anaglyphs Covering Inland and Seafloor Derived Using a Detailed Digital Elevation Model for Identifying Broad Tectonic Deformations

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Geomorphic features of surface ruptures associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in and around the downtown of Kumamoto City, and implications on triggered slip along active faults

Geomorphic features of surface ruptures associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in and around the downtown of Kumamoto City, and implications on triggered slip along active faults

Submarine Terraces reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic deformation in the Intermediate Zone between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands, Southwest Japan

Submarine Terraces Reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in the Intermediate Zone Between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands

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