Extended phase matching of high harmonics driven by mid-infrared light

Popmintchev, Tenio; Chen, Ming-Chang; Cohen, Oren; Grisham, M.; Rocca, J. J.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.

doi:10.1364/ol.33.002128

Cited by 167 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since the energetics of this strong-field process is governed by the ponderomotive energy U p of a tunnel-ionized electron in a laser field (where U p ∝ λ 2 ), increasing the laser wavelength λ opens the way for producing higher-energy photons and electrons in strong-field reactions. For high-order-harmonic generation (HHG), such long-wavelength laser sources allow experimentalists to utilize higher-pressure gas targets and to extend phase-matching conditions into the x-ray regime, thus enabling the production of a nearly continuous spectrum of high-order harmonics having extremely short wavelengths [4][5][6][7][8][9]. As the wavelength increases, these beneficial macroscopic features of the target medium for phase matching compete with the negative feature of the microscopic singleatom HHG yield, which decreases rapidly [1,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling laws for high-order-harmonic generation with midinfrared laser pulses

et al. 2015

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We derive an analytic expression for the wavelength scaling of the high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) yield induced by midinfrared driving laser fields. It is based on a quasiclassical description of the returning electron wave packet, which is shown to be largely independent of atomic properties. The accuracy of this analytic expression is confirmed by comparison with results of numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for wavelengths in the range of 1.4 μm ≤ λ ≤ 4 μm. We verify the wavelength scaling of the HHG yield found numerically for midinfrared laser fields in a recent paper by Le et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 033001 (2014)].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling laws for high-order-harmonic generation with midinfrared laser pulses

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies of phase-matching in capillaries have either included the radial variation of ionization through radial averaging [12][13][14], allowing no variation of the phase-matching conditions with radius, or have used numerical propagation codes to model the buildup of the harmonic field [15,16]. Recently it has been demonstrated that phase-matching can be extended to the water-window region harmonics using a mid-infrared driving laser [17,18]. It has also been noted that the temporal variation of phase-matching conditions is crucial in determining the output from HHG experiments [19][20][21][22], however none of this work has taken into account the spatially varying phasematching conditions found in waveguide HHG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal phase-matching in capillary high-harmonic generation

et al. 2012

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We present a simple phase-matching model that takes into account the full spatiotemporal nature of capillary high-harmonic generation. Spectra predicted from the model are compared to experimental results for a number of gases and are shown to reproduce the spectral envelope of experimentally generated harmonics. The model demonstrates that an ionization-induced phase mismatch is limiting the energy of the generated harmonics in current capillary high-harmonic generation experiments. The success of this model shows that phase-matching processes play a dominant role in determining the emission from capillary high-harmonic generation.

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“…The second one is based on the control of macroscopic properties of the target samples (i.e. phase matching) leading to very ingenious target geometries [16][17][18]. However, all these approaches rely on detecting the far-field properties of the harmonic yield which is a consequence of collective single emitter's ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-order-harmonic generation by enhanced plasmonic near-fields in metal nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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We present theoretical investigations of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the interaction of noble gases with localized surface plasmons. These plasmonic fields are produced when a metal nanoparticle is subject to a few-cycle laser pulse. The enhanced field, which largely depends on the geometrical shape of the metallic structure, has a strong spatial dependency. We demonstrate that the strong non-homogeneity of this laser field plays an important role in the HHG process and leads to a significant increase of the harmonic cut-off energy. In order to understand and characterize this new feature, we include the functional form of the laser electric field obtained from recent attosecond streaking experiments [F. Süßmann and M. F. Kling, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 8096, 80961C (2011)] in the time dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). By performing classical simulations of the HHG process we show consistency between them and the quantum mechanical predictions. These allow us to understand the origin of the extended harmonic spectra as a selection of particular trajectory sets. The use of metal nanoparticles shall pave a completely new way of generating coherent XUV light with a laser field which characteristics can be synthesized locally. When matter, i.e. atoms or molecules, is exposed to short and intense laser radiation, non-linear phenomena are triggered as a consequence of this interaction. Amongst these phenomena, high-order harmonics generation (HHG) process [1, 2] has attracted considerable interests, since it is one of the most reliable pathways to generate coherent light from the ultraviolet (UV) to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. As a result, HHG has proven to be a robust source for the generation of a PHz attosecond pulses train [3], that can be temporally confined to a single XUV attosecond pulse, now with kHz repetition rates [4]. Thanks to its remarkable properties, HHG can be used as well to extract temporal and spatial information with both attosecond and subAngström resolution on the generating system [5]. Hence, HHG represents a considerable tool to enable scrutinizing the atomic world with its natural temporal and spatial scales [6][7][8][9][10][11].The intuitive physical mechanism behind HHG, for a single atom or molecule (referred to as 'single emitter'), has been well established in the so-called three steps or simple man's model [12][13][14]: in the first step, an electronic wave packet is released the continuum by tunnel ionization through the potential barrier as a consequence of the non-perturbative interaction of the single emitter with the laser field. In the second step, the emitted electronic wave packet propagates away from its ionic core in the continuum to be finally driven back when the laser electric field changes its sign. In the final step, upon its return, the electronic wave packet may recombine with the core and the system relaxes the excess kinetic energy acquired by radiating a high-harmonic photon.In order to experimentally control the high harmonic ...

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Extended phase matching of high harmonics driven by mid-infrared light

Cited by 167 publications

References 13 publications

Scaling laws for high-order-harmonic generation with midinfrared laser pulses

Scaling laws for high-order-harmonic generation with midinfrared laser pulses

Spatiotemporal phase-matching in capillary high-harmonic generation

High-order-harmonic generation by enhanced plasmonic near-fields in metal nanoparticles

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