Extended-Optimal-Power-Flow-Based Hierarchical Control for Islanded AC Microgrids

Tinajero, Gibran David Agundis; Díaz, Nelson L.; Luna, Adriana C.; Segundo, J. P.; Visairo, Nancy; Guerrero, Josep M.; Vázquez, Juan C

doi:10.1109/tpel.2018.2813980

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The research work [103] presented a hierarchical strategy for a 3-phase 4-wire islanded AC MG and enhances the operational stability under unbalanced and non-linear load conditions by accomplishing precise active and reactive power-sharing with zero reactive power-sharing error. The literature [104] presented the applicability of a two-level Hierarchical control strategy to optimize the power flow in an islanded AC MG. Where the primary control performed by adopting conventional droop control responsible for regulating voltage and frequency while the secondary control took a centralized extended optimal power flow (EOPF) control accountable for the management of active and reactive power sharing among the DGs. Literature [105] extended the hierarchical control strategy to switch the power converters fed to the DERs in VSI or CSI mode according to the requirement in the Bus-bar before and after the contingency conditions in the AC MG.…”

Section: Figure 16 Illustration Of Three-level Hierarchical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

Ansari¹,

Chandel²,

Tariq

2021

IEEE Access

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Owing to the smart lifestyle, environmental consciousness, and dwindling fossil fuel supplies, there is a huge demand for clean and green energy. Microgrid (MG) is a crucial approach to renewable and clean energy. Because of the success of the AC utility grid and the growing demand for critical loads, it is very convenient to provide AC/DC MG that can easily satisfy both the alternating current (AC) MG and the direct current (DC) MG requirements. Due to uncertainty in load variations, main grid failures, intermittent power generations from renewable energy sources (RESs), the synchronization and interconnection of different power converters are the paramount issues in the control of AC/DC MG. This paper presents an overview-oriented state of the art in the recent advancement in control strategies of AC/DC MG and its associated power converters control. Based on recent research, this paper summarizes unobstructed views on different topologies, types of power converters, power converter controls, and control strategies of AC/DC MG. Finally, it identified some future challenges that need to be addressed in order to develop a sustainable and reliable control strategy for AC/DC MG. This paper will serve as a guide for researchers. INDEX TERMS Distributed generation, Microgrids, AC/DC Microgrid, Centralized control, Decentralized control I. INTRODUCTION MGs compromise different RESs, i.e., PV cells, windmills, energy-storing systems (ESS), diesel generator sets, and small hydropower plants, as discussed in the [1,2]. With the advancements in power semiconductor devices, the integration of RESs with leading utility or MG becomes so more accessible. Based on the adopted topology, there are three types of MGs, classified as DC MG, AC MG, and AC/DC MG or hybrid MG [3]. The DC MGs are preferred to supply critical loads like computers, operation theatres, and billing counters. Whereas the AC MGs are preferred in supplying all loads during off-grid or on-grid. The AC/DC MG possesses the characteristics of both DC MG and AC MG. Since begin, in these types of MGs, the power converters are connected in parallel with the MG bus-bar and belong to the parallel topology of MG. Recently a seriescascaded MG topology is being investigated. Inam Ullah Nutkani and et al. in [4] has presented a series-cascaded AC MG topology to integrate the non-dispatchable RESs to the MG and offered its advantages and disadvantages over the parallel topology. Fig.1 shows the different topological advances of MGs.

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Section: Figure 16 Illustration Of Three-level Hierarchical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

Ansari¹,

Chandel²,

Tariq

2021

IEEE Access

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“…As renewable energy deployments increase, the optimal allocation of RPG units should take photovoltaic (PV) systems [23], wind turbine generators (WTGs) [24,25], and microgrids [26] into account. For example, the effect of optimally allocated distributed generation (DG) units on energy…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of the Location and Capacity of Reactive Power Generation Units, Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Incorporated by the Bus Impedance Power-Flow Calculation Method

Kim

2020

Applied Sciences

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Dynamic and static reactive power resources have become an important means of maintaining the stability and reliability of power system networks. For example, if reactive power is not appropriately compensated for in transmission and distribution systems, the receiving end voltage may fall dramatically, or the load voltage may increase to a level that trips protection devices. However, none of the previous optimal power-flow studies for reactive power generation (RPG) units have optimized the location and capacity of RPG units by the bus impedance matrix power-flow calculation method. Thus, this study proposes a genetic algorithm that optimizes the location and capacity of RPG units, which is implemented by MATLAB. In addition, this study enhances the algorithm by incorporating bus impedance power-flow calculation method into the algorithm. The proposed hybrid algorithm is shown to be valid when applied to well-known IEEE test systems.

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“…This is performed based on an objective function differentiation. Typically, the OPF considers power balance constraints, emission of pollutants, fuel cost, performance, security boundaries, power sharing and stability [1], [3]- [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Energy Management Technique Using the $\epsilon$ -Constraint Method for Grid-Tied and Stand-Alone Battery-Based Microgrids

et al. 2019

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The intermittent characteristics of microgrids (MGs) have motivated the development of energy management systems (EMSs) in order to optimize the use of distributed energy resources. In current studies, the implementation of an EMS followed by experimental-based analyses for both grid-tied and stand-alone MG operation modes is often neglected. Additionally, the design of a management strategy that is capable of preserving the storage device lifetime in battery-based MGs using a power gradient approach is hardly seen in the literature. In this context, this work presents the application of an EMS for battery-based MGs which is suitable for both grid-tied and stand-alone operation modes. The proposed EMS is formulated as an optimal power flow (OPF) problem using the-constraint method which is responsible for computing the current references used by the EMS to control the MG sources. In the optimization problem, the total generation cost is minimized such that the active power losses are kept within pre-established boundaries, and a battery management strategy based on power gradient limitation is included. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed EMS is evaluated by two scenarios which enable detailed analyses and validation. The first considers a dispatchable and a non-dispatchable source, whereas the second a dispatchable source and a storage device. The experimental results showed that the proposed EMS is efficient in both operation modes and is also capable of smoothing the state of charge (SoC) behavior of the storage device. INDEX TERMS Battery power gradient, distributed generation, energy management system, microgrid, optimal power flow, storage device.

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Extended-Optimal-Power-Flow-Based Hierarchical Control for Islanded AC Microgrids

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

A Comprehensive Review on Power Converters Control and Control Strategies of AC/DC Microgrid

The Optimization of the Location and Capacity of Reactive Power Generation Units, Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Incorporated by the Bus Impedance Power-Flow Calculation Method

An Optimal Energy Management Technique Using the $\epsilon$ -Constraint Method for Grid-Tied and Stand-Alone Battery-Based Microgrids

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