Expression of proteoglycans and hyaluronan during wound healing.

Abstract

We investigated the expression of proteoglycans (PGs) and hyaluronan (HA) during healing of human mucosal wounds. Biopsy specimens of experimental wounds were taken 1, 3, and 7 days after wounding. Frozen sections were used for immunolocalization of CD44, syndecan-1, basement membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (BM-HSPG), decorin, and biglycan. HA was localized in paraffin sections with a specific HA-binding probe. Epithelium showed first signs of migration on Day 1, more progressive migration on Day 3, and epithelial sheets confronted on Day 7. CD44 surrounded migrating keratinocytes at all stages of wound healing. In epithelium, CD44 and HA remarkably localized to the same region. Expression of syndecan-1 was switched from the suprabasal cell layer of unwounded epithelium to the basal cell layer of the migrating wound epithelium. BM-HSPG was absent under migrating keratinocytes. It started to reappear at the basement membrane zone on Day 7. The area under the wound epithelium containing newly synthesized collagen fibers first became positive for decorin on Day 7, whereas staining of biglycan was negative. Granulation tissue was also strongly positive for CD44 and hyaluronan. Our results indicate that migrating keratinocytes express both CD44 and syndecan-1 but not BM-HSPG. During differentiation of keratinocytes, expression of CD44 preceded that of syndecan-1. The results suggest that different HSPGs have multiple functions in keratinocyte migration and differentiation during reepithelialization.

Dynamic role of hyaluronan (HYA) in connective tissue activation and inflammation

“…It is therefore inevitable that the process that leads to rejection of an allograft also involves an early alteration of the connective tissue matrix. This is in fact supported by the observation that there is a very early induction of HYA synthesis after tissue injury [27,28].…”

“…First there is an inflammatory phase, whereafter there is neoformation of tissue and finally formation of a scar. It is well recognized that there is an early accumulation of HYA in the wounded tissue [27,28,41] after wounding, and also that the local concentration of HYA in the wound decreases within a few days, when instead there is an increase in the concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans.…”

Hyaluronic Acid as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis. A Randomized Clinical Trail

“…HA binding properties of CD44 are determined by the isoform and the cell type on which it is expressed [16]. HA participates in tissue repair and wound healing and is used topically as anti inflammatory and anti-oedematous agent [17]. The antiinflammatory effect may be due to action of exogenous hyaluronon…”

Isolation and characterisation of putative adhesins from Helicobacter pylori with affinity for heparan sulphate proteoglycan

“…Proteoglycans are important in the normal development of cellular function, blood coagulation, extracellular matrix organisation, cell adhesion and cytokine action [20,21]. Yet, the distribution of various proteoglycans during human wound healing is poorly understood [22,23].…”