Abstract:Immunohistochemistry with the above-cited 5 biomarkers could not help differentiate oral verrucous hyperplasia from oral verrucous carcinoma. The low expression of p21 may partially explain abnormal epithelial overgrowth in both verrucous lesions. The pathogenesis of both verrucous lesions may be at least partially attributed to the overexpression of MDM2 protein and moderate expression of HSP 70 protein in both lesions.
“…However, other studies have concluded that p53 is a poor marker for discriminating between both entities. 31 Although the diagnostic value of e-cadherin has been statistically demonstrated by some, 28 this has not been confirmed by others. 30 Our immunohistochemical results are consistent with the ones usually found for pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, rather than for SCC or verrucous carcinoma.…”
Cutaneous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is a benign proliferation that can be associated with many nontumoral and tumoral conditions. In the literature, squamous proliferations of different types have been associated with several types of adnexal adenomas. However, we found no reported case of association of hidradenoma papilliferum with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. We had the opportunity of studying this type of an association in a 38-year-old man. The hidradenoma was located deep in the corion of the biopsy and the uppermost squamous epithelium showed a pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia that focally contacted with the hidradenoma. No atypia was noted in the squamous proliferation. E-cadherin was diffusely expressed by the squamous nests, whereas p53 and Ki-67 were restricted to the basal layer. Cyclin D-1 was expressed in the parabasal layer. Immunohistochemistry of the squamous proliferation was negative for human papillomavirus.
“…However, other studies have concluded that p53 is a poor marker for discriminating between both entities. 31 Although the diagnostic value of e-cadherin has been statistically demonstrated by some, 28 this has not been confirmed by others. 30 Our immunohistochemical results are consistent with the ones usually found for pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, rather than for SCC or verrucous carcinoma.…”
Cutaneous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is a benign proliferation that can be associated with many nontumoral and tumoral conditions. In the literature, squamous proliferations of different types have been associated with several types of adnexal adenomas. However, we found no reported case of association of hidradenoma papilliferum with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. We had the opportunity of studying this type of an association in a 38-year-old man. The hidradenoma was located deep in the corion of the biopsy and the uppermost squamous epithelium showed a pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia that focally contacted with the hidradenoma. No atypia was noted in the squamous proliferation. E-cadherin was diffusely expressed by the squamous nests, whereas p53 and Ki-67 were restricted to the basal layer. Cyclin D-1 was expressed in the parabasal layer. Immunohistochemistry of the squamous proliferation was negative for human papillomavirus.
“…No obstante, lo que supondría un cambio radical en el pronó stico de esta entidad sería la obtenció n de marcadores de la saliva del paciente, investigació n que se está desarrollando de forma cada vez má s creciente 57 . Así, estudios recientes como el de Jancsik et al 58 aseguran que en aná lisis de saliva se han encontrado sobreexpresiones proteicas de anexina A8 y peroxideroxina-2, que han sido descritas previamente en muestras de cá ncer oral, por lo que es posible que la saliva pueda ser usada como mé todo de detecció n de cá ncer oral en etapas tempranas; si bien los resultados son esperanzadores, está n lejos de la efectividad necesaria 59 .…”
“…30 This system allows the typing of both high-risk HPV (types 16,18,26,30,31,33,35,39,45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70,73, 82i and 82m) and low-risk HPV (6,11,34,40,42,43,44,54,55,57,61,64,71,72,81 and CP6108).…”
Section: Hpv Dna Detection and Typingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2,39 In addition, as known from the literature, the exact distinction between verrucous hyperplasia and verrucous carcinoma is not clearcut and the exact criteria are lacking. 3,40 Previous studies concluded that verrucous carcinoma from mucosal areas are related to mucosal HPV types and verrucous carcinoma located in cutaneous areas are not specifically linked to any specific group of HPV. 41 In this study, we found that mucosal types were indeed restricted to mucosal lesions, that is, high-risk HPV in a verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck region and low-risk HPV types in giant condylomas of the anus and vulva, whereas cutaneous HPV types were detected in a verrucous hyperplastic lesion of the penis.…”
Section: Human Papillomavirus In Verrucous Carcinomamentioning
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the development of verrucous carcinoma, a welldifferentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma with difficult differential diagnosis, is controversial in the literature. In this study, we analysed verrucous carcinoma from different origins for the presence and activity of a broad spectrum of HPV types, and carefully reviewed the histopathological features. A random series of 27 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of verrucous carcinoma was taken, representing the head and neck region (n ¼ 6), anogenital area (n ¼ 16) and extragenital skin region (n ¼ 5). After review of the histological slides, all samples were subjected to different polymerase chain reaction-based HPV detection techniques, together detecting a total of 83 HPV types, including both mucosal and cutaneous types. Histological revision was carefully performed. Lesions with keratinised papillae, blunt stromal invaginations and minimal cytological atypia were considered verrucous carcinoma. Condylomatous lesions with viral changes were defined as giant condyloma. Verrucous lesions that did not meet those criteria were classified as verrucous hyperplasia. Tumours with stromal infiltration were considered as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Histological revision revealed that 13 out of 27 cases were verrucous carcinoma (one showing a double infection with HPV 35 and 45), 5 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 5 verrucous hyperplasia (one with a double infection with HPV 4 and 8), 1 pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and 3 giant condylomas. All three giant condylomas were low-risk HPV positive (HPV 6 and 11) and showed active mRNA transcription. None of the HPV-positive samples tested positive for diffuse p16 INK4A staining. In conclusion, our results do not support a causal role of HPV in the development of verrucous carcinoma. Testing for LR-HPV, particularly HPV 6 and 11, may help in the differential diagnosis of lesions suspicious of verrucous carcinoma as those testing positive for LR-HPV most likely represent giant condylomas.
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