Expression of interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins in the chicken and possible role in prevention of viral infections

Abstract

In mammals, interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) prevent infections by various enveloped viruses. The expression of IFITMs in chicken was herein examined in the adult and embryonic organs using a quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained revealed that IFITM3 was expressed at a higher level than IFITM1, 2 and 5, in both embryonic and adult organs. However, the expression levels of IFITMs in embryonic organs were less than 5 % of those in adult lungs. Among the embryonic tissues examined, primordial germ cells (PGCs) at day 2.5 expressed relatively higher levels of IFITM3. IFITM3 expression levels were 1.5-fold higher in the chicken cell line DF-1 than in PGCs. The knockdown of IFITM3 in DF-1 cells by siRNA increased the infectivity of a vesicular stomatitis virus G protein-pseudotyped lentiviral vector, suggesting that lower levels of IFITM3 are still sufficient to restrict this viral vector.

Siglec‐F is induced by granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and enhances interleukin‐4‐induced expression of arginase‐1 in mouse macrophages

“…Unless otherwise stated, cells were stimulated for 24 hr. Total RNA was extracted by Isogen II (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) and reverse‐transcribed by ReverTra Ace (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan), as reported previously . To obtain the cDNA of eosinophils, total RNA was extracted by the ReliaPrep RNA Cell Miniprep System (Promega, Madison, WI) and reverse‐transcribed by the ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix with the gDNA Remover (Toyobo).…”

“…Total RNA was extracted by Isogen II (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) and reverse-transcribed by ReverTra Ace (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan), as reported previously. 20 To obtain the cDNA of eosinophils, total RNA was extracted by the ReliaPrep RNA Cell Miniprep System (Promega, Madison, WI) and reverse-transcribed by the ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix with the gDNA Remover (Toyobo). The qPCR was performed using the Thunderbird SYBR qPCR mix (Toyobo) using Light Cycler 96 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) at 95°C for 60 seconds, followed by 45 cycles at 95°C for 5 seconds, at 58°C for 10 seconds, and at 72°C for 20 seconds.…”

Antiviral responses against chicken respiratory infections: Focus on avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus

“…The expression of IFITM3 is increased following IBV infection in chickens [116]. The expression of IFITM3 is significantly increased in the lung of infected chickens with AIV [117]. IFITM3 is a viral restriction factor, which targets influenza A virus entry process in humans by blocking complete virus envelope fusion with cell endosome membranes [115,118].…”

Characterization of chicken interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-10

“…Lentiviral vectors (pSicoR, which expressed eGFP under the control of CMV promoter) were produced as described previously. 4) The viral titer was determined with HeLa cells as the percentage of cells expressing the eGFP gene.…”

“…3) We also found that chicken IFITM3 prevented infections by a vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentivirus, which has been used as a viral vector for gene transfer. 4) In mammals, numerous biological roles have been reported for IFITMs in addition to virus prevention. IFITM1 exerts antiproliferative effects and facilitates cell adhesion.…”