Expression of interferon gamma in the brain of cats with natural Borna disease virus infection

Wensman, Jonas Johansson; Ilbäck, Carolina; Hjertström, Elina; Blomström, Anne-Lie; Gustavsson, Malin; Jäderlund, Karin Hultin; Ström-Holst, Bodil; Belák, Sándór; Berg, Anna‐Lena; Berg, Mikael

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.02.014

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A previously described rRT-PCR assay was used for the detection of the phosphoprotein (BDV P) gene 20 with modified primers to increase the sensitivity. 22,23 Total RNA was extracted using Qiagen Lipid Tissue kit, according to the manufacturers’ instructions (Qiagen), from the following samples: serum, blood anti-coagulated with K 3 -EDTA, urine, conjunctival, nasal, oral and anal swabs, as well as tissue samples taken at necropsy (olfactory epithelium, cerebral cortex, basal parts of the cerebrum and spinal cord). The extracted RNA was both processed into cDNA using gene-specific primers 24 and used in one-step rRT-PCR (Quantitect Probe RT-PCR master mix; Qiagen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease

Wensman

Jäderlund

Gustavsson

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Borna disease virus (BDV) is a RNA-virus causing neurological disorders in a wide range of mammals. In cats, BDV infection may cause staggering disease. Presently, staggering disease is a tentative clinical diagnosis, only confirmed at necropsy. In this study, cats with staggering disease were investigated to study markers of BDV infection aiming for improvement of current diagnostics. Nineteen cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria based on neurological signs and pathological findings. In 17/19 cats, BDV infection markers (BDV-specific antibodies and/or BDV-RNA) were found, and antibodies in serum (13/16, 81%) were the most common marker. BDV-RNA was found in 11/19 cats (58%). In a reference population without neurological signs, 4/25 cats were seropositive (16%). The clinical history and neurological signs in combination with presence of BDV infection markers, where serology and rRT-PCR on blood can be helpful tools, improve the diagnostic accuracy in the living cat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease

Wensman

Jäderlund

Gustavsson

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Some cats may develop disease in the absence of gross encephalitis, a disease process similar to that seen in neonatal rats (See below). Infected cats express high levels of interferon (IFN)-γ in their brains and this may promote NK and T cell cytotoxicity and neuronal destruction (Wensman et al, 2011(Wensman et al, , 2014. However BoDV-1 can survive in the presence of IFN-γ (Wensman et al, 2014).…”

Section: Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of bornaviral diseases in mammals

Tizard

Ball

Payne

2016

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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Natural bornavirus infections and their resulting diseases are largely restricted to horses and sheep in Central Europe. The disease also occurs naturally in cats, and can be induced experimentally in laboratory rodents and numerous other mammals. Borna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1), the cause of most cases of mammalian Borna disease, is a negative-stranded RNA virus that replicates within the nucleus of target cells. It causes severe, often lethal, encephalitis in susceptible species. Recent events, especially the discovery of numerous new species of bornaviruses in birds and a report of an acute, lethal bornaviral encephalitis in humans, apparently acquired from squirrels, have revived interest in this remarkable family of viruses. The clinical manifestations of the bornaviral diseases are highly variable. Thus, in addition to acute lethal encephalitis, they can cause persistent neurologic disease associated with diverse behavioral changes. They also cause a severe retinitis resulting in blindness. In this review, we discuss both the pathological lesions observed in mammalian bornaviral disease and the complex pathogenesis of the neurologic disease. Thus infected neurons may be destroyed by T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. They may die as a result of excessive inflammatory cytokine release from microglia. They may also die as a result of a 'glutaminergic storm' due to a failure of infected astrocytes to regulate brain glutamate levels.

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“…Interestingly, BDV pathology and clinical outcome are partially related to the T-cell-mediated immune response and a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, although sole production of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines may also contribute Wensman et al, 2011). Based on ex vivo studies, BDV pathology also involves alteration and impairment of nerve-cell functions, affecting stimulus-induced synaptic plasticity (Prat et al, 2009).…”

Section: Infection and Disease Of Production And Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

Kinnunen

Palva

Vaheri

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential ‘human Borna disease’ with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.

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Expression of interferon gamma in the brain of cats with natural Borna disease virus infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease

Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease

The pathogenesis of bornaviral diseases in mammals

Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

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