Expression of Glutathione Reductase Splice Variants in Human Tissues

Satoh, Nana; Watanabe, Nobuko; Kanda, Ayato; Sugaya-Fukasawa, Maki; Higuchi, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/s10528-010-9362-z

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The tripeptide GSH (Scheme 2) is the major endogenous antioxidant produced by cells (up to 5 mM in living cells). It participates directly in the neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds, and maintains the levels of exogenous antioxidants such as vitamin C. In healthy cells, more than 90 % of the total GSH pool is present in the reduced form (GSH) and less than 10 % exists in the oxidized disulfide form (GSSG) [33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly cytotoxic trithiophenolatodiruthenium complexes of the type [(η6-p-MeC6H4Pr i )2Ru2(SC6H4-p-X)3]+: synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemistry, cytotoxicity, and glutathione oxidation potential

et al. 2012

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A series of cationic dinuclear p-cymene ruthenium trithiophenolato complexes of the type [(g 6-p-MeC 6 H 4 Pr i) 2 Ru 2 (SC 6 H 4-p-X) 3 ] ? (1 X is H, 2 X is Me, 3 X is Ph, 4 X is Br, 5 X is OH, 6 X is NO 2 , 7 X is OMe, 8 X is CF 3 , 9 X is F, 10 X is Pr i , 11 X is Bu t) have been synthesized from the reaction of [(g 6-p-MeC 6 H 4 Pr i)-RuCl 2 ] 2 with the corresponding thiol, isolated as the chloride salts, and further studied for their electrochemical properties, cytotoxicity towards human ovarian cancer cells, and catalytic activity for glutathione (GSH) oxidation. Complex 1 was also compared with the benzene and hexamethylbenzene analogues [(g 6-C 6 H 6) 2 Ru 2 (SC 6 H 5) 3 ] ? (12) and [(g 6-C 6 Me 6) 2 Ru 2 (SC 6 H 5) 3 ] ? (13). The most active compound [11]Cl was structurally studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The concentrations corresponding to 50 % inhibition of cancer cell growth (IC 50 values) in the A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines of these complexes except for 6 were in the submicromolar range, complex 11 showing an IC 50 value of 0.03 lM in both cell lines. The high in vitro anticancer activity of these complexes may be at least partially due to their catalytic potential for the oxidation of GSH, although there is no clear correlation between the IC 50 values and the turnover frequencies at about 50 % conversion. However, the cytotoxicity is tentatively correlated to the physicochemical properties of the compounds determined by the electronic influence of the substituents X (Hammett constants r p) and the lipophilicity of the thiols p-XC 6 H 4 SH (calculated log P parameters).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly cytotoxic trithiophenolatodiruthenium complexes of the type [(η6-p-MeC6H4Pr i )2Ru2(SC6H4-p-X)3]+: synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemistry, cytotoxicity, and glutathione oxidation potential

et al. 2012

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“…SOD family enzymes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide peroxide, and CAT catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen [11][12][13][14][15][16]. GSR provides restoration of the reduced form of glutathione [17], which significantly decreases the risk of oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics in combination treatment for diabetic macular edema

Drozdov¹,

Sakovych²

2022

Oftalmol Zh

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Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) can be seen in both types of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and is a major cause of vision loss. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment for DME in type 2 diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Material and Methods:An open-label, controlled study included 45 type 2 diabetic patients with both NPDR and DME. Patients of the aflibercept-plus-hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) group and those of the aflibercept-only (control) group received a monthly intravitreous aflibercept at a dose of 2 mg (50 µL) for 3 months. In addition, the former patients received an adjunctive treatment with ten sessions of HBO in the period between the first and the third injections. Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics were assessed at 3 months after initiation of treatment. Results: At 3 months, patients of the aflibercept-plus-HBO group showed a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity, improvement in retinal light sensitivity, reduction in manifestations of DME, and statistically significant reductions in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. At 3 months, the changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were more substantial in this group, and these improvements were statistically significant compared to baseline and compared to controls. Particularly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and glutathione reductase (GSR) activity decreased by 33. 9%, 22.4% and 17.7%, respectively, compared to baseline, and 34.78%, 28.9%, and 25.3%, respectively, compared to controls. Conclusion: Treatment for DME with the use of aflibercept and adjunctive HBO caused a substantial reduction in the frequency of DME and improvements in visual acuity and retinal light sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients NPDR. Under these conditions, a decrease in the activity of CAT was larger than that of GSR but smaller than that of SOD, likely indicating an improvement in antioxidant protection.

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