Expression and regulation of genes involved in the reserve starch biosynthesis pathway in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Gu, Yunsong; Han, Song; Chen, Lin; Mu, Junyi; Duan, Luning; Li, Yaxuan; Yan, Yueming; Li, Xiaohui

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2020.08.002

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This control is related to the fact that wheat endosperm starch is synthesized by an enzymatic arsenal, implying a high number of genes [42]. Among these enzymes, adenylytransferase (AGP), soluble starch synthase (SSS), GBSS, SBE and the DBE family are the most important enzyme families [43][44][45]. The identification and impact of certain enzymes involved in the molar mass and size of starch polymers (AML and AMP) remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Genetic Impacts On Starch Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported RNA-Seq results highlighted 166 homologs of starch biosynthesis-related genes expressed during the development of wheat grain endosperm [45]; 74 selected from 17 gene families and expressed at particularly high levels during 8-20 DAA are related to reserve starch deposition. In addition, co-expression analysis of potential regulators has shown that 425 transcription factors (TFs) are involved in regulating the expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes in hexaploidy wheat [45]. The first step consists of converting glucose-1-phosphate to ADP-glucose with AGP.…”

Section: Starch Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and Environmental Variation in Starch Content, Starch Granule Distribution and Starch Polymer Molecular Characteristics of French Bread Wheat

Rhazi

Méléard

Daaloul

et al. 2021

Foods

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This study investigates genetic and environmental variation in starch content and characteristics of 14 French bread cultivars. Understanding the impact of these factors on wheat quality is important for processors and especially bakers to maintain and meet the requirements of industrial specifications. Different traits were evaluated: starch content, distribution of starch granules, percentage of amylose and amylopectin and their molecular characteristics (weight-average molar mass, number-average molar mass, polydispersity and gyration radius). Genetic, environment and their interaction had significant effects on all parameters. The relative magnitude of variance attributed to growth conditions, for most traits, was substantially higher (21% to 95%) than that attributed to either genotype (2% to 73%) or G × E interaction (2% to 17%). The largest environmental contribution (95%) to total variance was found for starch dispersity. The highest genetic influence was found for the percentage of A-type starch granules. G × E interaction had relatively little influence (≈7%) on total phenotypic variance. All molecular characteristics were much more influenced by environment than the respective percentages of amylose and amylopectin were. This huge difference in variance between factors obviously revealed the importance of the effect of growing conditions on characteristics of cultivars.

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Section: Genetic Impacts On Starch Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Starch Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Variation in Starch Content, Starch Granule Distribution and Starch Polymer Molecular Characteristics of French Bread Wheat

Rhazi

Méléard

Daaloul

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Differences between expression patterns of individual members of gene families may be important determinants of starch amylose/amylopectin composition and amylopectin fine structures ( Nakamura et al, 2005 ; Zhong et al, 2020 ) in different tissues and at different times. As mentioned above, our data provide potential target genes for the manipulation of starch content of cereal grains ( Gu et al, 2020 ), relative amylose and amylopectin contents ( Zhong et al, 2020 ), and amylopectin fine structure for nutritional or industrial applications ( Blennow, 2018 ). The AGP-L1, SBE1 , SBE2a , SBE2b, GBSS1a , SS1 , SS2a , and ISA1 genes represent such potential targets, based on the relative abundance of their transcripts during starch synthesis in the developing grain ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Embryo denotes the remains of the embryo after removal of the scutellum (Betts et al, 2020), al1 is the proximal aleurone, al2 is the central region of the aleurone and al3 is the dorsal region of the aleurone. content of cereal grains (Gu et al, 2020), relative amylose and amylopectin contents (Zhong et al, 2020), and amylopectin fine structure for nutritional or industrial applications (Blennow, 2018). The AGP-L1, SBE1, SBE2a, SBE2b, GBSS1a, SS1, SS2a, and ISA1 genes represent such potential targets, based on the relative abundance of their transcripts during starch synthesis in the developing grain ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes That Mediate Starch Metabolism in Developing and Germinated Barley Grain

et al. 2021

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Starch is synthesized in the endosperm of developing barley grain, where it functions as the primary source of stored carbohydrate. In germinated grain these starch reserves are hydrolyzed to small oligosaccharides and glucose, which are transported to the embryo to support the growth of the developing seedling. Some of the mobilized glucose is transiently stored as starch in the scutellum of germinated grain. These processes are crucial for early seedling vigor, which is a key determinant of crop productivity and global food security. Several starch synthases (SS), starch-branching enzymes (SBEs), and starch debranching enzymes (isoamylases, ISA), together with a limit dextrinase (LD), have been implicated in starch synthesis from nucleotide-sugar precursors. Starch synthesis occurs both in the developing endosperm and in the scutellum of germinated grain. For the complete depolymerization of starch to glucose, α-amylase (Amy), β-amylase (Bmy), isoamylase (ISA), limit dextrinase (LD), and α-glucosidase (AGL) are required. Most of these enzymes are encoded by gene families of up to 10 or more members. Here RNA-seq transcription data from isolated tissues of intact developing and germinated barley grain have allowed us to identify the most important, specific gene family members for each of these processes in vivo and, at the same time, we have defined in detail the spatio-temporal coordination of gene expression in different tissues of the grain. A transcript dataset for 81,280 genes is publicly available as a resource for investigations into other cellular and biochemical processes that occur in the developing grain from 6 days after pollination.

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“…For example, the endosperm-specific TFs opaque2 (O2) and the prolamine box binding factor (PBF) are positive regulators of starch biosynthesis in maize [91]. The transcription factor TaMYB44 can bind to the promoters of TaSUT1, TaSSIIIa, TaBEIIa, TaISA1, and TaBEIIb in yeast, and is thought to be a regulator of starch biosynthesis in hexaploid wheat [92]. These reports highlight that TFs can positively regulate the expression of multiple starch biosynthesis genes.…”

Section: Transcriptional Regulation Network Of Starch Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Starch Metabolism in Pea Seeds towards Tailoring Functionality for Value-Added Utilization

Xiang

Mahfuz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Starch is the most abundant storage carbohydrate and a major component in pea seeds, accounting for about 50% of dry seed weight. As a by-product of pea protein processing, current uses for pea starch are limited to low-value, commodity markets. The globally growing demand for pea protein poses a great challenge for the pea fractionation industry to develop new markets for starch valorization. However, there exist gaps in our understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying starch metabolism, and its relationship with physicochemical and functional properties, which is a prerequisite for targeted tailoring functionality and innovative applications of starch. This review outlines the understanding of starch metabolism with a particular focus on peas and highlights the knowledge of pea starch granule structure and its relationship with functional properties, and industrial applications. Using the currently available pea genetics and genomics knowledge and breakthroughs in omics technologies, we discuss the perspectives and possible avenues to advance our understanding of starch metabolism in peas at an unprecedented level, to ultimately enable the molecular design of multi-functional native pea starch and to create value-added utilization.

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Expression and regulation of genes involved in the reserve starch biosynthesis pathway in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 27 publications

References 71 publications

Genetic and Environmental Variation in Starch Content, Starch Granule Distribution and Starch Polymer Molecular Characteristics of French Bread Wheat

Genetic and Environmental Variation in Starch Content, Starch Granule Distribution and Starch Polymer Molecular Characteristics of French Bread Wheat

Genes That Mediate Starch Metabolism in Developing and Germinated Barley Grain

Understanding Starch Metabolism in Pea Seeds towards Tailoring Functionality for Value-Added Utilization

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