Expression and nocturnal increase of type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA in rat pineal gland

Murakami, Masami; Hosoi, Yasuhiro; Negishi, Tetsuo; Kamiya, Yûji; Ogiwara, Takayuki; Mizuma, Haruo; Yamada, Masanobu; Iriuchijima, Tokuji; Mori, Masataka

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00298-x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Specifically, expression of Drd4 is controlled by an “AND” gate mechanism which requires both cAMP and T3 or T4, as outlined in Fig. 6, in which cAMP has two parallel roles, one of which is to act on expression of Drd4 and the second being to induce expression of Dio2 (Chik et al, 2007, Murakami et al, 1997) , which converts the relatively inactive T4 to the highly active T3 A hypothetical explanation of this is that concomitant activation of a thyroid hormone receptor regulatory element and a cAMP regulatory element in the Drd4 promoter is required to induce Drd4 expression. Another possibility is that T4 and T3 act to stabilize Drd4 mRNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone and adrenergic signaling interact to control pineal expression of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4)

Kim

Bailey

Weller

et al. 2010

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Dopamine plays diverse and important roles in vertebrate biology, impacting behavior and physiology through actions mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors, one of which is the dopamine receptor D4 (Drd4). Here we present studies on the >100-fold daily rhythm in rat pineal Drd4 expression. Our studies indicate that Drd4 is the dominant dopamine receptor gene expressed in the pineal gland. The gene is expressed in pinealocytes at levels which are ∼100-fold greater than in other tissues, except the retina, in which transcript levels are similar. Pineal Drd4 expression is circadian in nature and under photoneural control. Whereas most rhythmically expressed genes in the pineal are controlled by a norepinephrine-cAMP signaling, Drd4 expression also requires thyroid hormone. This advance raises the questions of whether Drd4 expression is regulated by this mechanism in other systems and whether thyroid hormone controls expression of other genes in the pineal gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone and adrenergic signaling interact to control pineal expression of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4)

Kim

Bailey

Weller

et al. 2010

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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“…Although it has been shown that glutamate inhibits melatonin synthesis in rat pinealocytes (Yamada et al, 1998), a specific role of mGluR1 in such inhibition or melatonin synthesis has not been elucidated. Type II iodothyronine deiodinase expression has been shown to be rhythmic under LD cycles and affected by adrenergic receptor stimulation in the rat pineal gland (Murakami et al, 1997;Kamiya et al, 1999). An earlier study has reported the presence of Erk1 and the absence of Erk2 and Erk3 in the rat pineal gland (Kiyama et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Fukuhara¹,

Tosini²

2008

Neuroscience Research

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The mammalian pineal gland is an important component of the circadian system. In the present study, we examined the expression of roughly 8000 genes in the rat pineal gland as a function of time of day under light-dark (LD) cycles and in constant dark (DD) using oligo DNA microarray technique. We identified 47 and 13 genes that showed higher levels at night and day, respectively, under LD. The same patterns of expression were also observed in DD. About half of the genes that peaked at night have a known biological function, i.e., transcription factors and proteins that are involved in signaling cascades, whereas 14 are expressed sequence tags and 8 have an unknown biological function. Twelve of the genes that are up-regulated at night were also up-regulated after 1 h NE stimulation, thus suggesting that the expression of these genes is controlled by adrenergic mechanisms. Of the 13 genes that were up-regulated in the daytime, 6 coded for proteins that are involved in intracellular signaling pathways. The results obtained with microarray analysis were well correlated with data obtained using real time quantitative RT-PCR. The present results provide new materials to dissect and understand the pineal physiology.

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“…During the last years, the importance of transcriptional mechanisms to regulate pineal functions in rodents has been further emphasized because the list of genes that are rhythmically expressed in the rat pineal gland has grown. It includes genes encoding transcription factors,28 enzymes,29 transporters,30 and receptors 31,32. This list continues to grow as a result of cDNA microarray analysis studies 33–38.…”

Section: Rodents Like It Transcriptionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Regulating Melatonin Synthesis in the Mammalian Pineal Organ

Schomerus

Korf

2005

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

118

110

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The day/night rhythm in melatonin production is a characteristic feature in vertebrate physiology. This hormonal signal reliably reflects the environmental light conditions and is independent of behavioral aspects. In all mammalian species, melatonin production is regulated by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nerve fibers exclusively at night. Norepinephrine elevates the intracellular cAMP concentration via beta-adrenergic receptors and activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. This pathway is crucial for regulation of the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT); cAMP/protein kinase A may, however, act in different ways. In ungulates and primates, pinealocytes constantly synthesize AANAT protein from continually available Aanat mRNA. During the day-in the absence of noradrenergic stimulation-the protein is immediately destroyed by proteasomal proteolysis. At nighttime, elevated cAMP levels cause phosphorylation of AANAT by protein kinase A. This posttranslational modification leads to interaction of phosphorylated AANAT with regulatory 14-3-3 proteins, which protect AANAT from degradation. Increases in AANAT protein are paralleled by increases in enzyme activity. Stimulation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway may also activate pineal gene expression. In rodents, transcriptional activation of the Aanat gene is the primary mechanism for the induction of melatonin biosynthesis and results in marked day/night fluctuations in Aanat mRNA. It involves protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and binding of phosphorylated CREB in the promoter region of the Aanat gene. In conclusion, a common neuroendocrine principle, the nocturnal rise in melatonin, is controlled by strikingly diverse regulatory mechanisms. This diversity has emerged in the course of evolution and reflects the high adaptive plasticity of the melatonin-generating pineal organ.

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Expression and nocturnal increase of type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA in rat pineal gland

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Thyroid hormone and adrenergic signaling interact to control pineal expression of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4)

Thyroid hormone and adrenergic signaling interact to control pineal expression of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4)

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Mechanisms Regulating Melatonin Synthesis in the Mammalian Pineal Organ

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