Expression and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-32 in primary gastric B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Abstract. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-32 (IL-32) expression has been examined in various carcinomas and inflammations, and has been suggested to be significant in tumor progression and prognosis. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of COX-2 and IL-32 in primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in order to define their clinical significance and their association with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. COX-2 and IL-32 protein expression was detected in 31 primary gastric B-cell lymphoma patients and 19 chronic gastritis patients with immunohistochemistry. COX-2 and IL-32 expression was significantly higher in primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) tissues compared with gastritis tissues (51.6 vs. 21.1% for COX-2, P= 0.032; and 58.1 vs. 26.3% for IL-32, P= 0.029) and was significantly higher in Hp + lymphoma tissues compared with Hp -lymphoma tissues (66.7 vs. 20% for COX-2, P= 0.015; and 71.4 vs. 30% for IL-32, P= 0.029). In the PGL tissues, the expression level of COX-2 was positively correlated with the expression level of IL-32, and the two were each positively correlated with Hp infection (P= 0.004 for COX-2 and IL-32; P= 0.01 for COX-2 and Hp infection; and P= 0.003 for IL-32 and Hp infection). COX-2 expression was found to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with an aggressive tumor type, higher expression of Ki-67, frequent lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. IL-32 expression was found to be significantly correlated (P<0.05) with frequent lymph node metastasis and an advanced stage. The survival time was longer in the COX-2 -and IL-32 -lymphoma patients compared with the COX-2 + and IL-32 + lymphoma patients, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results suggested that Hp infection and the expression of COX-2 and IL-32 were closely linked with each other, and that the overexpression of COX-2 and IL-32 was correlated with tumor progression in primary gastric B-cell lymphoma, thus indicating potential novel therapeutic target.

Elevated Gene Expression of Interleukin-32 Isoforms Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta in the Peripheral Blood of Chronic Psoriatic Patients

“…In this study the role of cytokine IL-32 was demonstrated in psoriatic patients. IL-32 was first discovered in IL-2-activated T cells and natural killer cells [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] and now it is well established that IL-32 exhibits numerous classical proinflammatory activities [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. It stimulates the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, IL-8, etc.…”

“…Of particular importance, IL-32 exhibits numerous classical proinflammatory activities [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. It stimulates the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 [ 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. It also activates key proinflammatory cell signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38, extracellular receptor kinases (ERK), and nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB in various cell types [ 22 ].…”

Interleukin-32: Frenemy in cancer?

“…Cui et al . also showed (58) that IL-32 and COX2 expressions were significantly correlated with greater H. pylori infection, more frequent lymph node metastasis, and advanced stages of gastric B-cell lymphoma. In addition, patients with higher COX2 and IL-32 levels showed a poorer prognosis compared with those patients with lower COX2 and IL-32 levels, but the difference was not statistically significant.…”

“…IL-32 and COX2 expressions were immunohistochemically detected in 31 primary gastric B-cell lymphoma patients and 19 chronic gastritis patients, and were significantly higher in H. pylori + lymphoma tissues compared with H. pylori − lymphoma tissues (58). This is reasonable because an increase in COX2 in the human stomach is associated with H. pylori infection (59, 60) and COX2 increases IL-32 expression (61).…”

New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from January–April 2016

“…Cui et al [ 5 ] investigated human gastric ENMZL with respect to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-32 (IL-32) expression since these have been suggested to be significant in tumor progression and prognosis. COX-2 and IL-32 protein expression was higher in 31 primary gastric B cell lymphoma patients compared to 19 chronic gastritis patients, especially so in patients who had HP-positive lymphomas; the expression level of COX-2 was positively correlated with the expression level of IL-32.…”