Expression and Activity of COX-1 and COX-2 in Acanthamoeba sp.-Infected Lungs According to the Host Immunological Status

Background: Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous pathogens which cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and disseminated infection. Moreover, Acanthamoeba spp. infection of the cornea leads to Acanthamoeba keratitis. Our previous study showed that the infection of an eyeball may also take place via the migration of trophozoites through the optic nerve from the brain to the eyes. The aim of the study was to analyze the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidant in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice with disseminated acanthamoebiasis. Results: In the immunocompetent mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. we noted a significant decrease in catalase activity at 8 and 16 days post-infection (dpi). Glutathione reductase activity was significantly lower at 16 dpi compared to the control group and glutathione concentration was statistically higher at 24 dpi than in the control group. In the immunosuppressed mice, a statistically significant increase in glutathione concentration in the eye samples was found at 16 dpi compared to those not infected with Acanthamoeba spp. In the immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp., glutathione peroxidase activity was statistically lower at 8 dpi, and glutathione concentration was statistically significantly higher at 16 dpi compared to the control group. Conclusions: The inflammatory response in the eyes of hosts with experimental acanthamoebiasis led to changes in the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidant. Therefore, the dysregulation of antioxidants may play a role in the pathomechanism of Acanthamoeba eye infection.

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“…The experimental animal model has been described in our previous study [21]. In short, the Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant defense in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp.

et al. 2020

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“…Increased COX-2 levels have been reported in many malignant gastrointestinal tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma. Inhibition of COX-2 may suppress the development of epithelial cell malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract (12)(13)(14). In addition, COX-2 has been revealed to modulate the fate of colon cancer cell lines by generating prostanoids (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone induces aberrant macrophage immune function and apoptosis

Zhao

et al. 2019

Oncol Rep

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known potent clinical drugs, however, their mode of action is still complex and debatable. Macrophages are the most important target of GCs and play a key role in tumor immunity in vivo, but their relationship is also controversial. In the present study, the lentivirus system was used to overexpress and knock down the level of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9). The results revealed that dexamethasone (Dex) induced ROS generation and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells via the KLF9. In addition, overexpression of KLF9 significantly increased apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, ELISA assay revealed that increased expression of KLF9 inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 expression and reduced COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, a co-culture system was used to reveal that overexpression of KLF9 in RAW 264.7 cells promoted HepG2 cell survival. In summary, it is reported that KLF9 promoted apoptosis of proinflammatory macrophages, and suppressed the antitumor effects, which can be selectively targeted by GCs as a novel mechanism to suppress antineoplastic activity.

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“…The study comprised organs from immunocompetent and immunosuppressed uninfected and Acanthamoeba spp. The experimental animal model has been described in previous research [9,11]. Brie y, mice from groups A and AS were infected by intranasal inoculation with 3 µl of suspension containing 10-20 thousand strain AM22 Acanthamoeba spp., T16 genotype [22].…”

Section: Ethics Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the Kidneys and Heart of Mice Infected with Acanthamoeba Spp.

Kot

Kosik-Bogacka

Wojtkowiak-Giera

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Acanthamoeba spp. are cosmopolitan protozoa that cause infections in the brain, as well as extracerebral infections in the cornea, lungs and skin. Little is known about the mechanisms of the immunological response to these parasites in organs which are not their main biotope. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the kidneys and heart of Acanthamoeba spp. infected mice, with respect to the host’s immunological status. Results: In the kidneys, we observed a higher expression of TLR2 in immunosuppressed mice at 24 days post Acanthamoeba spp. infection (dpi) compared to the uninfected mice. There were no statistically significant differences in TLR4 expression in the kidneys between the immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, both of infected and uninfected mice. In the heart, we observed a difference in TLR2 expression in immunocompetent mice at 24 dpi compared to immunocompetent mice at 8 dpi. The immunocompetent Acanthamoeba spp. infected mice had higher TLR4 expression at 8 dpi compared to the immunocompetent uninfected mice. Conclusions: Our results indicate that TLR2 is involved in response to Acanthamoeba spp. infection in the kidneys, whereas in the heart, both studied TLRs are involved.

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Expression and Activity of COX-1 and COX-2 in Acanthamoeba sp.-Infected Lungs According to the Host Immunological Status

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Antioxidant defense in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp.

Antioxidant defense in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp.

Dexamethasone induces aberrant macrophage immune function and apoptosis

The Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the Kidneys and Heart of Mice Infected with Acanthamoeba Spp.

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