Exposure to watermelon bud necrosis virus and groundnut bud necrosis virus alters the life history traits of their vector, Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Ghosh, Amalendu; Basavaraj, Y. B.; Jangra, Sumit; Das, Amrita

doi:10.1007/s00705-019-04381-z

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Tospovirus (WSMoV) propagates in the primary salivary glands and midgut of T. palmi ( Mou et al, 2021 ). GBNV infection was found to negatively alter the survivability, adult longevity, and reproductive potential of T. palmi ( Ghosh et al, 2019 ). Host plant also influences the biology and transmission of tospovirus (WBNV) by T. palmi ( Dhall et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Modulates the Expression of Innate Immune, Endocytosis, and Cuticle Development-Associated Genes to Circulate and Propagate in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

et al. 2022

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Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the predominant tospovirus vector in Asia-Pacific region. It transmits economically damaging groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV, family Tospoviridae) in a persistent propagative manner. Thrips serve as the alternate host, and virus reservoirs making tospovirus management very challenging. Insecticides and host plant resistance remain ineffective in managing thrips–tospoviruses. Recent genomic approaches have led to understanding the molecular interactions of thrips–tospoviruses and identifying novel genetic targets. However, most of the studies are limited to Frankliniella species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Amidst the limited information available on T. palmi–tospovirus relationships, the present study is the first report of the transcriptome-wide response of T. palmi associated with GBNV infection. The differential expression analyses of the triplicate transcriptome of viruliferous vs. nonviruliferous adult T. palmi identified a total of 2,363 (1,383 upregulated and 980 downregulated) significant transcripts. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed the abundance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in innate immune response, endocytosis, cuticle development, and receptor binding and signaling that mediate the virus invasion and multiplication in the vector system. Also, the gene regulatory network (GRN) of most significant DEGs showed the genes like ABC transporter, cytochrome P450, endocuticle structural glycoprotein, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, heat shock protein 70, larval and pupal cuticle proteins, nephrin, proline-rich protein, sperm-associated antigen, UHRF1-binding protein, serpin, tyrosine–protein kinase receptor, etc., were enriched with higher degrees of interactions. Further, the expression of the candidate genes in response to GBNV infection was validated in reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). This study leads to an understanding of molecular interactions between T. palmi and GBNV and suggests potential genetic targets for generic pest control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Modulates the Expression of Innate Immune, Endocytosis, and Cuticle Development-Associated Genes to Circulate and Propagate in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

et al. 2022

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“…Thrips palmi is a major insect pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide and a major vector for transmitting several tospoviruses (Ghosh et al 2019 , Jangra et al 2020a ). It is a predominant tospovirus vector in Asia and also invaded Africa, America, and Australia (Houston et al 1991 ; Cermeli and Montagne 1993 ; Murai 2002 ; Yadav and Chang 2012 ; Seal et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered a predominant tospovirus vector in Asia (Mandal et al 2012 ). Groundnut bud necrosis virus is transmitted by T. palmi and causes losses of more than US $89 million per annum across Asia (Reddy et al 1995 ; Jagdale and Ghosh 2019 , Ghosh et al 2019 ). It has widely invaded the Pacific, Florida, the Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Australia (Bhatti 1980 ; Johnson 1986 ; Guyot 1988 ; Pantoja et al 1988 ; Cooper 1991 ; Palmer 1992 ; Monteiro et al 1995 ; EPPO 2014 ; Jangra et al 2020a , Ghosh et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

et al. 2020

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Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of vegetables, ornamentals, and legumes worldwide. Besides damage caused by feeding, it transmits several tospoviruses. Identification of T. palmi at an early stage is crucial in implementing appropriate pest management strategies. Morpho-taxonomic identification of T. palmi based on the adult stage is time-consuming and needs taxonomic expertise. Here, we report a rapid, on-site, field-based assay for identification of T. palmi based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), its first application in insects. RPA primers designed based on 3′ polymorphisms of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 region efficiently discriminated T. palmi without any cross-reactivity to other predominant thrips species. RPA was performed with crude DNA, extracted from single T. palmi simply by crushing in sterile distilled water and could be completed within 20 min by holding the reaction tubes in the hand. The assay was further simplified by using fluorescent as well as colorimetric dyes thus eliminating the gel-electrophoresis steps. The presence of T. palmi was visualized by a change in color from dark blue to sky blue. The assay was validated with known thrips specimens and found to be effective in diagnosing the presence of T. palmi in natural vegetation. This on-site, rapid assay for diagnosis of T. palmi can be used by non-expert personnel in the field of quarantine and pest management. Keywords RPA • Melon thrips • Insect vector • Tospovirus transmission • Thrips diagnostics Key message • Thrips palmi an important pest of vegetables and ornamentals transmitting several tospoviruses • Morpho-taxonomic identification stage-specific, timeconsuming, and needs taxonomic expertise • Rapid, on-site, field-based assay for identification of T. palmi using recombinase polymerase amplification • Assay uses crude extract of T. palmi, completed within 20 min by holding the reaction tubes in hand without use of sophisticated laboratory instruments • The presence of T. palmi visualized by a change in reaction color • Useful for non-expert personnel in field-based identification, quarantine, and adopting suitable pest management strategies

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“…Although the persistent-propagative transmission of tospoviruses by thrips [23] is considered to be specific to virus-vector combination, one thrips vector species can transmit more than one tospovirus [2,3]. T. palmi and F. occidentalis are reported to transmit seven different tospoviruses [3,49]. Transmission of more than one tospovirus is also evident by F. schultzei, S. dorsalis, and T. tabaci [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India

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Background: To date, four thrips vectors have been reported to transmit five different tospoviruses in India. Their identification at an early stage is crucial in formulating appropriate pest management strategies. Since morphometric key-based thrips identification based on the adult stage is time-consuming, there is a need to develop diagnostic tools which are rapid, accurate, and independent of developmental stages. Here, we report a multiplex PCR assay to identify four major thrips vectors viz. Thrips palmi, T. tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Frankliniella schultzei present in India. Results: Cytochrome oxidase subunit III and internal transcribed spacer region 2 were utilized to design speciesspecific primers. Of 38 pairs of primers tested, primer pairs AG35F-AG36R, AG47F-AG48R, AG87F-AG88R, and AG79F-AG80R amplified 568 bp, 713 bp, 388 bp, and 200 bp products from the DNA templates of T. palmi, S. dorsalis, T. tabaci, and F. schultzei, respectively at same PCR conditions. The specificity of the primer pairs was validated with a large number of known specimens and no cross-reactivity was observed with other thrips species. The multiplex PCR assay with a cocktail of all the four primer pairs detected four thrips vectors efficiently and could discriminate all of them concurrently in a single reaction. Conclusion: The multiplex PCR reported in this study could identify the major thrips vectors reported in India. The assay will be useful in ascertaining distribution profile of major thrips vectors, disease epidemiology, screening large samples, and quarantine.

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Exposure to watermelon bud necrosis virus and groundnut bud necrosis virus alters the life history traits of their vector, Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Modulates the Expression of Innate Immune, Endocytosis, and Cuticle Development-Associated Genes to Circulate and Propagate in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Modulates the Expression of Innate Immune, Endocytosis, and Cuticle Development-Associated Genes to Circulate and Propagate in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India

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