Exposure to repeated low-level formaldehyde in rats increases basal corticosterone levels and enhances the corticosterone response to subsequent formaldehyde

Sorg, Barbara A.; Bailie, T.M; Tschirgi, Matthew L.; Li, Na; Wu, Wei-Ran

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02208-9

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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Section: Salient Signal For the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune system involvement is not necessary for TDS to occur; the process is especially common in certain central nervous system pathways. Neuronal and endocrine stress response pathways may be more important than immune function in TDS [127][128][129][130][131].This type of sensitization and cross-sensitization is a welldocumented phenomenon between agents and stressors of very different classes, especially affecting the central nervous system [131]. Thus, to initiate TDS, the stressful or foreign nature of a drug for the individual is more important than the specific pharmacological properties of the agent [131].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Bell

Sarter

Koithan

et al. 2013

J Nanomed Nanotechol

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The purpose of the present paper is (a) to outline the self-organized, complex adaptive network nature of the organism as recipient of nanomedicines; (b) to propose several nonlinear endogenous amplification processes by which pulsed low doses of traditional, homeopathically-manufactured natural product nanomedicines may stimulate a return toward healthier function; and (c) to discuss their potential relevance to novel, but safer than conventional dosing strategies for contemporary nanomedicines. Homeopathy is an over 200-year-old system of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that uses low doses of natural plant-, mineral-, and animal-sourced nanomedicines. Homeopathic manufacturing is "green", with mechanical grinding in lactose and agitation in ethanol-water as primary reagents. Agitation within glass containers at room temperature may also contribute nanosilica and nanosilicon as drug delivery vehicles and biological amplifiers. The medicine selection is matched to the recipient organism's systemic patterns of dysfunction and pulsed in the timing of the discrete doses. Endogenous amplification processes within the recipient organism may involve hormesis, time-dependent sensitization, and/or stochastic resonance. Effects are adaptive and systemically diffuse, i.e., causally indirect, rather than pharmacological and local, i.e., direct. All of these nonlinear response processes require interaction of the nanoparticle (NP) dose with the organism as a complex adaptive system. The pulsed NP dose serves as a low intensity salient danger signal for the organism to make network-wide adaptive changes that can lead to healing. The historically safe therapeutic approach of homeopathic nanomedicine dosing avoids risks of high, continuous doses and cumulative toxicity that contemporary nanomedicine researchers are now trying to solve while using NPs as if they were conventional bulk drugs. Integrating the insights, technical procedures, and clinical dosing approaches from modern and homeopathic nanomedicine could lead to major advances in the field for more effective and safer translational applications.NPs in homeopathic medicines [3]. NP concentrations are low, but measurable [3]. Like modern manufactured NPs [13], homeopathicallymanufactured medicines in solution also can exhibit aging effects [9,14]. These nanomedicines are delivered either in ethanolic liquids or sprayed and dried onto lactose or lactose/sucrose pellets for oral administration.Homeopathic manufacturing materials and methods are inherently "green" [15,16]. Previous papers have addressed the striking similarities between modern top-down mechanical attrition procedures for making nanoparticles (NPs) [17] and historical homeopathic medicine manufacturing methods and materials [15,[18][19][20][21]. These similarities include mechanically grinding source materials in lactose for hours and repeatedly agitating ethanol-water solutions containing the source Citation: Bell IR, Sarter B, Koithan M, Standish LJ, Banerji P, et al. (2013) Nonlinea...

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Section: Salient Signal For the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Bell

Sarter

Koithan

et al. 2013

J Nanomed Nanotechol

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“…Finally, it is worth stating that, thanks to the efforts of some research groups, the list of industrial chemicals able to induce behavioural sensitisation (or TDS) continues to be extended. To date, apart from toluene [10,12,36], sensitization to psychostimulants was described after exposure to formaldehyde [37,38]. It is suspected that this characteristic is also shared by some pesticides [7] and heavy metals [5].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat

Lutz¹,

Gralewicz²,

Wiaderna³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: Some data suggest that increased behavioural sensitivity to psychostimulants may develop after exposure to volatile chemicals in common use. The purpose of the present experiment was to find out whether and in what way inhalation exposure to pseudocumene (PS) or hemimellitene (HM) at low concentrations alters behavioural sensitivity to the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH), and propensity to develop behavioural sensitization to AMPH. Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks to PS or HEM at 0, 25, 100 or 250 ppm. Behavioural sensitivity to AMPH was assessed by measuring locomotor activity of the animals in an open-field. Behavioural sensitization to AMPH was induced by a repeated AMPH treatment. Results: In rats exposed to HEM, the behavioural sensitivity to AMPH was increased, but remained unchanged in rats exposed to PS. The second testing revealed an augmented behavioural response to AMPH in control rats. In the HM exposed rats this augmenting was significantly more evident and in the PS exposed rats significantly less evident than in controls. For each of the two solvents, the concentration-effect relationship was nonlinear; out of the three concentrations used, 100 ppm was the most effective. Conclusions: The results confirm that low-level inhalation exposure to trimethylbenzene isomers may induce behavioural sensitisation and/or increase the susceptibility of the animals to develop this state upon repeated psychostimulant treatment. They show, however, that HM and PS differ markedly in their ability to induce such alterations.

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“…As a result, indoor concentrations of various chemical substances have increased. The presence of these substances in indoor air can cause serious health consequences, and the relationship between indoor air pollution and multi-organ hypersensitivity has been discussed previously [1][2][3][4][5]. Furthermore, some nonspecific symptoms including upper airway irritation, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea, and eye irritation may be related to the presence of such chemicals in indoor air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for screening emission sources of carbonyl compounds in indoor air

Yamashita

Kume

Horiike

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Exposure to repeated low-level formaldehyde in rats increases basal corticosterone levels and enhances the corticosterone response to subsequent formaldehyde

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat

A simple method for screening emission sources of carbonyl compounds in indoor air

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