Exposure to lemongrass essential oil and its components causes behavior and respiratory disturbs in Anticarsia gemmatalis

Origanum vulgare Essential Oil against Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Composition, Insecticidal Activity, and Behavioral Response

“…A decrease respiration results in high fitness cost and energy demand can be utilized to other metabolic functions [56]. A similar response occurs in other coleopteran pests such as Demotispa neivai Bondar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) exposed to neem essential oil [10], S. granarius exposed to cinnamon essential oil [26], and T. molitor exposed to garlic essential oil [27] decreasing the oxygen consumption and disrupting of oxidative phosphorylation in respiration [13,21,57]. The findings obtained here, demonstrate that the larvae, pupae, and adults of T. molitor have low respiration rate when exposed to OEO with possible energy reallocated to other physiological functions and fitness costs.…”

“…OEO compromises the respiration of T. molitor, indicating physiological stress. Inhaled insecticides enter in the insect's body through spiracles and tracheae and can affect the respiratory processes [13,16,21]. The regulated respiration occurs by the energy demand required to lead the detoxification enzymatic activity [12,47].…”

“…Figure 1. Gas chromatogram profiles of peak retention of components of oregano essential oil: α-thujene (1), α-pinene (2), camphene (3), β-pinene (4), β-myrcene (5), α-phellandrene (6), α-terpinene (7), p-cymene (8), eucalyptol (9), γ-terpinene (10), cis-sabinene hydrate (11), terpinolene (12), linalool (13), camphor (14), borneol (15), terpinen-4-ol ( 16), α-terpineol (17), thymol methyl ether (18), carvacrol methyl ether (19), cuminaldehyde (20), thymol (21), carvacrol (22), aromandrene (23), β-bisabolene (24), and caryophyllene oxide (25).…”

“…Plant essential oils (EOs) are proposed for pest control in stored grains and display several insecticidal activities [10]. EOs alter insect digestion, causing repellency, deterrence, and changes in olfactory responses [11][12][13]. On the other hand, effects on insect physiology involve inhibition of growth, developmental impairment, oxygen deprivation, and energy depletion [14][15][16].…”