Exposure assessment of French women and their newborn to brominated flame retardants: Determination of tri- to deca- polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) in maternal adipose tissue, serum, breast milk and cord serum

Levels and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from Shanghai: Implication for exposure route of higher brominated BDEs

“…These concentrations are comparable to those reported in human milk in Nanjing (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b), Tianjin (Zhu et al, 2009b) and Guangzhou (Bi et al, 2006), suggesting that the mean level reported here may represent the background levels of lower brominated BDEs (from tri-to heptaBDEs) in Chinese human milk. Compared with the general populations in other countries (Table 2), the PBDEs concentrations in milk in this study fell within the same range as those reported in Asian countries such as Japan (Eslami et al, 2006;Inoue et al, 2006), Indonesia (Sudaryanto et al, 2008a), Korea (Haraguchi et al, 2009), and the Philippines (Malarvannan et al, 2009), and from European countries such as Norway (Thomsen et al, 2010), France (Antignac et al, 2009), Spain (Gömara et al, 2007) and Belgium (Colles et al, 2008). The concentrations found in our study were slightly lower than those in the United Kingdom (Kalantzi et al, 2004) and Australia (Toms et al, 2007), and were one order of magnitude lower than those reported in the United States (Schecter et al, 2003).…”

“…Firstly, higher brominated BDEs from octa-to deca-BDEs were the dominant congeners, and accounted for 72.6% of ∑ all PBDEs, in particular, BDE-209, BDE-207, and BDE-197 accounted for 25.6%, 13.1%, and 17.0%, respectively. These results were similar to those in other studies concerning the general population (Table 2) in France (58%) (Antignac et al, 2009) and Nanjing, Eastern China (65%) (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b). Our findings were also similar to the profiles in human milk obtained from the general population in Madrid, Spain (Gömara et al, 2007), Japan , the Philippines (Malarvannan et al, 2009) and Indonesia (Sudaryanto et al, 2008a), where a relatively higher proportion of PBDEs from octa-to deca-BDEs were detected.…”

“…These results are consistent with those reported in Tianjin (Zhu et al, 2009b) and Nanjing (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b). However, these findings were significantly different with those reported from the United States (JohnsonRestrepo et al, 2007;Schecter et al, 2003;She et al, 2007), France (Antignac et al, 2009), Norway (Thomsen et al, 2010), the UK (Kalantzi et al, 2004) and Japan (Eslami et al, 2006;Inoue et al, 2006). The contribution of BDE-47 to ∑ 3-7 PBDEs in those countries ranged from 32.7% to 63.5%, whereas the contributions of BDE-28 and BDE-153 were lower.…”

“…BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by either BDE-99 or BDE-153. However, recent studies from France (Antignac et al, 2009), Spain (Gömara et al, 2007), and China (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b) found relatively higher concentrations of octa-to deca-BDEs in milk, accounting for more than 50% of total PBDEs. These results seem to imply that the exposure route of PBDEs might differ from traditional persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), where diet was considered the major exposure route (Zhao et al, 2009).…”

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human semen

“…PBDEs have been detected in some human samples including fat, blood, breast milk, etc. (Antignac et al, 2009;Aylward et al, 2003;Bi et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2010). Previous studies have shown that some lipophilic contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and certain pesticides, are able to enter into human semen (Ensslen et al, 1990;Schlebusch et al, 1989;Schmid et al, 1993;Stachel et al, 1989;Szymczynski and Waliszewski, 1981;Trapp et al, 1984).…”