Exposure and Field Evaluation of Fenoxycarb for German Cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) Control

Baits including 0.1% of ethyl 2‐(4‐((1,4‐dioxaspiro [4.5]dec‐6‐yl) methyl) phenoxy) ethylcarbamate were applied in two buildings containing 46 apartments with various degrees of infestation of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). During a yearly experiment, generally 8 baits were placed in each apartment and replenished monthly at which time cockroach population density, demographic structure, and percentage of morphologically deformed adults were determined from specimens captured by sticky‐trap sampling. Initial growth of the cockroach population observed during the first two months after deposition of the baits was followed by an asymptotical decrease. Only 2.5% of the initial population remained at the end of the experiment. Although adults with twisted wings (sterile) constituted only 70% of the total adult catches, the decrease of the nymph/adult ratio from 2.9 to 0.7 indicated a far more profound inhibitory effect on cockroach reproduction. This study shows that baits might be an efficient alternative to juvenoid formulations currently in use for control of the German cockroach.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of a German cockroach population with a juvenoid bait formulation: an experiment in residential buildings

Zeman¹,

Kyselova²,

Rupeš

et al. 1992

“…Even if the model relevance to the other routes of treatment and conditions were to be limited, recently published data on field trials with juvenoid sprays still show noticeable parallels. Firstly, there is the more or less constant lag between the application and consequent control effect, regardless of the intensity of treatments or a juvenoid's concentration (Ogg & Gold, 1988;Reid et al, 1990). As could be expected, the real delays recorded in the field, usually 3-6 months (Bennett et al, 1986;Brenner et al, 1988;Ogg & Gold, 1988;Reid et al, 1990;Koehler & Patterson, 1991), exceeded those forecast in the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Maintaining minimal infestation would thence be a matter of periodical bait replenishment. Combining juvenoids with contact insecticides into various schedules is also a well established practice in juvenoid spraying (Bennett et al, 1986;Brenner et al, 1988;Ogg & Gold, 1988;Reid etal., 1990;Koehler & Patterson, 1991). Obviously, near-extinction behavior of populations is herein hardly predictable since marginal factors, which were abandoned in this model, might gain relevance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of a German cockroach population with a juvenoid bait formulation: computer simulation

Zeman¹

1993

A computer model was applied to simulate responses of German cockroach populations to feeding on juvenoid baits during an equilibrium, exponential, and the earliest phase of population growth. The simulations show that the renewal potential of the cockroach populations will be exhausted when about 80% or more adults become sterile. The attainment of this activity threshold will be preceded by a lag time with no apparent control effect. The time delay appears substantially shorter for both growing populations (30–60 days) than for the equilibrious one (90–120 days), but, the former ones will continue growing throughout this lag. The simulations predict that even a worse baits' performance can give sufficient control effect in the field if the baits are laid in an early phase of population growth. Thus, optimum tactics should integrate administration of juvenoid baits with an introductory reduction of cockroach population.

“…Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are gaining acceptance as tools in cockroach pest management programs (Bennett etal., 1986;Brenner etal., 1988;Ogg & Gold, 1988;Reid et al, 1990). IGRs with juvenile hormone activity produce deleterious effects on reproduction associated with twisted or curly wings and intermediates between nymphs and adults (supernumerary nymphs, adultoids or nymphoids) (Brenner etal., 1988;Das & Gupta, 1977;King & Bennett, 1989;Staal, 1975;Riddiford et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on German cockroach nymphs of contact exposure to IGRs, singly and in combination

Ross

Cochran

1991

Late instar German cockroach male and female nymphs were exposed continuously for two weeks to surfaces treated with fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and pyriproxyfen, singly and in combination. Concentrations were determined that eliminated or nearly eliminated reproduction in matings with untreated mates, either through mortality, effects on reproduction, or a combination of mortality and ‘sterility’ (no hatch). The major effect of fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen, and pyriproxyfen plus fenoxycarb was on reproduction. The major effect of diflubenzuron was mortality. No hatch occurred in matings of females that were exposed to low concentrations of pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb (2 ng/cm2 and 6 ng/cm2, respectively); sterility was incomplete when females were exposed to 600 ng/cm2 of diflubenzuron. Mortality and sterility acted together to eliminate productive matings (matings that produced nymphs) when relatively high concentrations of diflubenzuron were combined with one or both of the other insect growth regulators (IGRs). In the triple combination, very small amounts of fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen (total 1.1 ng/cm2) combined with 200 ng/cm2 of diflubenzuron eliminated productive matings of treated females, but similar results with treated males were found only at higher concentrations of each IGR.