Export of phosphorus and nitrogen from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) brash windrows on harvested blanket peat forests

Asam, Zaki-ul-Zaman; Nieminen, Mika; O’Driscoll, Connie; O’Connor, Mark; Sarkkola, Sakari; Kaila, Annu; Sana, Afshan; Rodgers, M.; Zhan, Xinmin; Xiao, Liwen

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.014

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this is that whilst SRP was leached rapidly from brash (as shown elsewhere, e.g. by Jamieson et al 2018), inorganic N generation due to brash mineralisation does not occur until 1-4 years after felling (as reported for felled forests in Wales and Ireland by Stevens et al (1995) and Asam et al (2014), respectively). In both these studies, the inorganic N leached from brash was dominated by ammonium-N (not measured in the present study), rather than TON.…”

Section: Forest-felling and Wind Farm Infrastructure As Controls On Fmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In both these studies, the inorganic N leached from brash was dominated by ammonium-N (not measured in the present study), rather than TON. However, mineralisation and nitrification of brash-derived organic N may be a possible source of TON (Stevens et al 1995) as the result of possible increased microbial activity in the warmer conditions within the brash (Asam et al 2014). Nitrogen transformations within the stream channel, including nitrification, may be a further control streamwater inorganic N concentrations in headwater streams (Peterson et al 2001).…”

Section: Forest-felling and Wind Farm Infrastructure As Controls On Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind farm development on peatlands increases fluvial macronutrient loading

Heal

Phin

Waldron

et al. 2019

Ambio

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Wind farms can help to mitigate increasing atmospheric carbon (C) emissions. However, disturbance caused by wind farm development must not have lasting deleterious impacts on landscape C sequestration. To understand the effects of wind farm development on peatlands, we monitored streamwater at Europe's second largest onshore wind farm (539 MW), Whitelee, Scotland, for 31 months. Using nested catchment sampling to understand impacts on water quality, increasing macronutrient concentrations and exports were associated with wind farm development, particularly forest-felling and borrow pits. Low/poor water quality occurred in small headwater catchments most disturbed by development. At the site exit, dissolved organic C and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations increased during construction, though [SRP] recovery occurred within 2 years. Since C was lost and streamwater quality negatively affected, we propose future good practice measures for wind farm development, including limiting total disturbance within individual catchments and locating borrow pits, where deemed necessary, off site avoiding peatlands.

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Section: Forest-felling and Wind Farm Infrastructure As Controls On Fmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Forest-felling and Wind Farm Infrastructure As Controls On Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind farm development on peatlands increases fluvial macronutrient loading

Heal

Phin

Waldron

et al. 2019

Ambio

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“…government grants), can have differing impacts on surface water quality (Nieminen et al 2017;Shah and Nisbet 2019). For example, in stem-only harvesting restoration sites (where brash remains on site) greater quantities of nutrients (P and N) may be released to watercourses (Asam et al 2014b;O'Driscoll et al 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catchment water quality in the year preceding and immediately following restoration of a drained afforested blanket bog

et al. 2021

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The restoration of drained afforested peatlands, through drain blocking and tree removal, is increasing in response to peatland restoration targets and policy incentives. In the short term, these intensive restoration operations may affect receiving watercourses and the biota that depend upon them. This study assessed the immediate effect of ‘forest-to-bog’ restoration by measuring stream and river water quality for a 15 month period pre- and post-restoration, in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland. We found that the chemistry of streams draining restoration areas differed from that of control streams following restoration, with phosphate concentrations significantly higher (1.7–6.2 fold, mean 4.4) in restoration streams compared to the pre-restoration period. This led to a decrease in the pass rate (from 100 to 75%) for the target “good” quality threshold (based on EU Water Framework Directive guidelines) in rivers in this immediate post-restoration period, when compared to unaffected river baseline sites (which fell from 100 to 90% post-restoration). While overall increases in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, iron, potassium and manganese were not significant post-restoration, they exhibited an exaggerated seasonal cycle, peaking in summer months in restoration streams. We attribute these relatively limited, minor short-term impacts to the fact that relatively small percentages of the catchment area (3–23%), in our study catchments were felled, and that drain blocking and silt traps, put in place as part of restoration management, were likely effective in mitigating negative effects. Looking ahead, we suggest that future research should investigate longer term water quality effects and compare different ways of potentially controlling nutrient release.

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“…Stem‐only harvest nevertheless leaves live crown material (felling residue) with a considerable amount of nutrients (Hyvönen et al 2000) at the site. The decomposition of felling residue may cause twofold problems: (1) it may counteract the recovery of drained peatlands back toward their nutrient‐poor, pristine conditions; and (2) it may be a high source of nutrients to watercourses after restoration (Kaila et al 2012; Asam et al 2014). Whole‐tree harvest has higher transportation costs due to higher volume requirements (Tolvanen et al 2013) and is therefore less favored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and water nutrients in stem‐only and whole‐tree harvest treatments in restored boreal peatlands

Tolvanen

Tarvainen

Laine

2020

Restoration Ecology

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In boreal peatlands felling and tree harvest are commonly carried out as part of peatland restoration. Stem-only harvest is the principal harvest method and it leaves the live crown material (felling residue) containing most tree nutrients at the site. Wholetree harvest, where felling residue is removed, is not favored due to higher transport costs, although it might better promote the recovery of nutrient-poor peatlands towards pristine conditions. We investigated whether initial differences in N mineralization and decomposition rates observed between tree harvest methods continued out to 6 years after restoration and whether the spatial variation in water table (WT) level and water nutrient concentrations parallels with the observed pattern in mineralization and decomposition rates. The study was done at 15 peatland sites in Natura 2000 protection areas in Finland during 2007-2013. Concentration of ammonium in soil water was higher in the stem-only harvest treatment compared to that of the whole-tree harvest treatment, whereas the previously observed differences in net N mineralization and decomposition rates had leveled out by the sixth year after restoration. The spatial variation created by the ditch network still affected the hydrology and peatland functions so that the nutrient concentrations were higher near ditches than in other locations, implying potential risk for nutrient leaching. Based on this study, there is no reason to prefer either harvest method over the other in nutrient-poor drained peatlands with low tree volumes, which constitute the majority of available peatland restoration area in Finland.

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Export of phosphorus and nitrogen from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) brash windrows on harvested blanket peat forests

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Wind farm development on peatlands increases fluvial macronutrient loading

Wind farm development on peatlands increases fluvial macronutrient loading

Catchment water quality in the year preceding and immediately following restoration of a drained afforested blanket bog

Soil and water nutrients in stem‐only and whole‐tree harvest treatments in restored boreal peatlands

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