Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications

Altıntaş, Özge; Saylan, Yeşeren

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 263 publications

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“…Various techniques can be used for the isolation and purification of EVs, such as ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity capture, size-based isolation, and polymer precipitation ( ALTINTAs and SAYLAN, 2023 ). Advantages, disadvantages, and methodologies of each method are discussed.…”

Section: Biogenesis and Isolation Methods Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease: diagnostic and therapeutic roles

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder characterized by structural and functional changes in the kidneys, providing a global health challenge with significant impacts on mortality rates. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are vital in the physiological and pathological processes associated with CKD. They have been shown to modulate key pathways involved in renal injury, including inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Currently, the application research of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD is highly prevalent. However, there is currently a lack of standardized guidelines for their application, and various methodologies have advantages and limitations. Consequently, we present an comprehensive summary elucidating the multifaceted involvement of EVs in both physiological and pathological aspects in CKD. Furthermore, we explore their potential as biomarkers and diverse therapeutic roles in CKD. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on application of EVs in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of CKD.

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Section: Biogenesis and Isolation Methods Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease: diagnostic and therapeutic roles

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…These nanoscale vesicles serve as essential messengers between cells, functioning as conduits for the intercellular exchange of diverse molecular cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA), and lipids ( Luo et al, 2023 ; Shang et al, 2023 ). When a cell secretes exosomes, they can be internalized by neighboring or distant recipient cells, thereby facilitating the transfer of vital information ( Altintas and Saylan, 2023 ). This molecular exchange enables cells to coordinate and regulate a wide array of cellular activities and responses.…”

Section: Generation Of Exosome and Its Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment

Wang,

Qin

et al. 2024

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their remarkable therapeutic potential. These nanoscale carriers can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, proteins, and nucleic acids, across biological barriers. This versatile attribute of exosomes is a promising modality for precision medicine applications, notably in the realm of cancer therapy. However, despite their substantial therapeutic potential, exosomes still confront challenges tied to standardization and scalability that impede their practice in clinical applications. Moreover, heterogeneity in isolation methodologies and limited cargo loading mechanisms pose obstacles to ensuring consistent outcomes, thereby constraining their therapeutic utility. In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor’s genetic and proteomic profile. This characteristic endows them with the potential to serve as valuable liquid biopsies for non-invasive and real-time monitoring, making possible early cancer detection for the development of personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an extensive evaluation of the advancements in exosome research, critically examining their advantages and limitations in the context of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a curated overview of the most recent technological innovations utilizing exosomes, with a focus on enhancing the efficacy of early cancer detection.

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“…Specifically, they transfer both mRNA and miRNA to recipient cells, transforming EVs into a potentially powerful tool for horizontal gene regulation [28][29][30]. Several techniques and technologies, such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography, have been used to identify and separate EVs from biological fluids [31].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication

Filannino,

Panaro,

Benameur

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the appropriate development and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles have recently come to the forefront of neuroscience as novel vehicles for the transfer of complex signals between neuronal cells. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers packed with proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs) that contain the elements present in the cell they originate from. Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have been studied extensively and have opened up new understanding of cell–cell communication; they may cross the blood–brain barrier in a bidirectional way from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma and vice versa, and play a key role in brain–periphery communication in physiology as well as pathology. Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles to the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and primary and secondary metabolites. that can be taken up by and modulate the behaviour of neighbouring recipient cells. The functions of extracellular vesicles have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyse the role extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles in central nervous system cell communication, with particular emphasis on the contribution of extracellular vesicles from different central nervous system cell types in maintaining or altering central nervous system homeostasis.

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Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 263 publications

Extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease: diagnostic and therapeutic roles

Extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease: diagnostic and therapeutic roles

Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment

Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication

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