Exploring the properties of hemicellulose based carboxymethyl cellulose film as a potential green packaging

Weerasooriya, P. R. D.; Nadhilah, R.; Hashim, Rokiah; Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul; Abidin, Syahariza Zainul; Hussin, M. Hazwan; Hızıroǧlu, Salim; Haafiz, M.K. Mohamad

doi:10.1016/j.crgsc.2020.05.001

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…7,8 Innovation in biodegradable films in other industries can potentially benefit from this technology. 9 Innovations in the packaging industry have focused on the development of new biodegradable packaging materials, for which demand has increased considerably in past years. Globally, the market for green-based packaging materials is expected to grow up to 16.8 billion dollars by 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,23 The Hc-CMC film, on the other hand, has hygroscopic qualities, which refers to its propensity to draw or absorb water from the surrounding environment, as well as low mechanical strength. 9,20 Moreover, citric acid is added as an esterifying agent to modify the Hc films' properties. Shao et al 24 found that the esterification of Hc with citric acid formed a cross-linking structure and promoted the hydrophobicity and oxygen barrier performance to the resultant films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the biopolymers that has garnered significant attention from researchers is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 9,17,18 According to Haafiz et al, 19 the montmorillonite/Hc from OPEFB with CMC has proven in improving the physical and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of hemicellulose‐carboxymethyl cellulose blend films: Enhancement of the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties

Abu Hassan,

Fazlina,

Teng

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study investigates the influence of hemicellulose (Hc) on the chemical composition, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and morphology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Hc was isolated from oil palm trunk and then added into CMC at 10–30 wt% to prepare Hc‐CMC films via solution casting method. The addition of Hc resulted in reduced visual transparency, rendering the blend films opaque. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the chemical interaction between Hc and CMC by revealing persistent and robust hydrogen bonding at specific spectral peaks (3483–3045 cm−1). The interaction between Hc and CMC was further indicated by the rougher interfacial structure as revealed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal analysis via differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis indicated a decrement in thermal stability as Hc loadings increased in the CMC films. The highest tensile properties were observed in Hc‐CMC blend films at a 20 wt% Hc loading, showcasing notable enhancement about 23%. The 20 wt% Hc‐CMC blend films appeared as more suitable blending composition which having an enhanced physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This finding underscores its potential applicability in diverse industrial sectors, particularly in packaging applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of hemicellulose‐carboxymethyl cellulose blend films: Enhancement of the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties

Abu Hassan,

Fazlina,

Teng

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Attempts have been made to produce biodegradable materials as a replacement for plastic. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, the degradation process would only occur under a wellcontrolled condition, where the microbial population, physicochemical of materials, and the aerobic/anaerobic environment are considered. 4 In real life, the degradation rate of biodegradable material could be significantly affected when it is disposed to the natural environment, such as landfill sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The properties of starch/cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite as hydrodegradable film

Chan

Tang

2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Hydrodegradable material as the replacement for plastic could be a better option than biodegradable material due to its solubility in water, which could extend the landfill’s lifespan. On the other hand, biodegradable material requires tightly controlled waste management and proper facilities for degradation purposes. The starch film is highly soluble in water, exhibiting poor mechanical strength. This study aims to improve the strength of starch film by adding cellulose, which was isolated from rice husk and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Results showed that Type 1 – cellulose was extracted from rice husk. With the addition of PVA to the starch/cellulose film, the homogeneity of the mixture improved, as illustrated in FESEM images. The mechanical strength of film also greatly improved from 2 MPa to 4.2 MPa when 3 g of PVA was used. The film showed the sign of degradation after being immersed in water for 24 h due to its high-water uptake property (∼89%). This starch/cellulose/starch film could be used as an edible wrap and single-use material for varied applications such as disposable plates.

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“…Thus, natural compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups should be added to improve CMC film to form a UV-protection film. However, since it has some excellent properties, CMC has been utilized to reinforce other film blends, such as gelatin-CMC film (He et al, 2020), CNC-CMC film (Li et al, 2020a), nanocellulose-CMC film (Nadeem et al, 2020), CNF-CMC film (Zabihollahi et al, 2020), starch-CMC film (Jiang et al, 2020), hemicellulose-CMC film (Weerasooriya et al, 2020), chitosan-CMC film (Wang et al, 2019), and sodium alginate-CMC film (Han et al, 2018).…”

Section: Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biodegradable UV protection film using cellulose and lignin extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Haqiqi¹

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The optimized process for cellulose extraction from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) consisting of acid pretreatment (0.5% (v/v) H2SO4), alkaline extraction (15% (w/w) NaOH), and chlorine-free bleaching (10% (w/v) H2O2) yielded pulp with the highest cellulose content at 83.42%. The EFB cellulose was then etherified into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) which was readily water-soluble (81.32%). The EFB CMC (2.5% (w/v)) was blended with glycerol (0.5 % (w/v)) to produce a composite film by a solution casting method. Lignin obtained from acid precipitation of the EFB black liquor was added into the film at different concentrations, and its influence on the UV-protection property was evaluated. Interestingly, the film without lignin incorporation completely blocked UV-B transmittance. The addition of lignin at all concentrations significantly improved the UV-A blocking and other physical properties, such as the surface roughness, thickness, and thermal stability, although the water vapor permeability and tensile strength were not significantly affected. The EFB CMC film supplemented with 0.2% (w/v) lignin was observed to be the optimized composition according to its total UV-A and UV-B protection capacity, highest antioxidant activity, and preferable mechanical performance.

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Exploring the properties of hemicellulose based carboxymethyl cellulose film as a potential green packaging

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of hemicellulose‐carboxymethyl cellulose blend films: Enhancement of the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties

Characterization of hemicellulose‐carboxymethyl cellulose blend films: Enhancement of the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties

The properties of starch/cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite as hydrodegradable film

Production of biodegradable UV protection film using cellulose and lignin extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch

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