Exploring the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of fig badnavirus-1 from Iran

First report of Fig badnavirus‐1 associated with Fig mosaic virus in fig in Iraq

“…Studies of FBV-1 in Iran and the USA indicate that the virus reduces the vigour of fig trees (Laney et al, 2012;Alishiri et al, 2016). The Iranian isolates have been segregated based on geographical origin into two groups and four subgroups while the American isolates grouped into three subgroups (Alishiri et al, 2018). The incidence of fig mosaic disease in Iraq has increased recently in commercial production but studies on the viruses are limited (Mohmmed et al, 2019).…”

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

“…Badnaviruses are also reported to infect several ornamentals, medicinal herbs, fruits, trees, and weeds [ 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 ]. Birch leaf roll-associated virus, pagoda yellow mosaic-associated virus, and mulberry badnavirus 1 are known to infect different tree crops ( Table 1 ) [ 156 , 157 , 158 ].…”

“…Similarly, aglaonema bacilliform virus, aucuba ringspot virus, bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus, camellia lemon glow virus, canna yellow mottle-associated virus, canna yellow mottle virus, codonopsis vein-clearing virus, epiphyllum mottle-associated virus, ivy ringspot-associated virus, kalanchoë top-spotting virus, spiraea yellow leaf spot virus, wisteria badnavirus 1, and rubus yellow net virus are reported to infect different ornamentals ( Table 1 ) [ 154 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 174 , 175 , 176 ], while cycad leaf necrosis virus infects the gymnosperm Zamia fischeri [ 177 ]. Viruses such as blackberry virus F, chestnut mosaic virus, fig badnavirus 1, gooseberry vein banding-associated virus, and jujube mosaic-associated virus infect different fruit crops [ 155 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 ], while polyscias mosaic virus and green Sichuan pepper vein clearing-associated virus infect medicinal and spice crops [ 186 , 187 ]. The yacon necrotic mottle virus infects the tuber crop, Smallanthus sonchifolius while commelina yellow mottle virus, the type species of the genus, Badnavirus , infects the weed plant ( Commelina diffusa ) [ 188 , 189 ].…”