Exploring recent developments on 1,2,4‐triazole: Synthesis and biological applications

Abstract

Triazoles are nitrogen-bearing heterocycles. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on fused heterocycles, as they have better pharmacological effect compared to triazoles alone. Among the two isomers of triazole, this article aims to explore the work carried out on 1,2,4-triazole and N-bridged heterocycles derived from 1,2,4-triazole in last 18 years, highlight different synthetic pathways, and present a brief summary of the different biological activities possessed by 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The information collected in this article is expected to help researchers to discover novel therapeutic agents for better applications in the field of pharmaceutical science. K E Y W O R D Sbio-organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence of Cadmium(II) and Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Based on 1,3-Bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)adamantane

“…1,2,4-Triazole is a versatile nitrogen-donor ligand capable of forming strong coordination bonds with various metal ions [8,9]. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are known as anticancer, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant agents, and possess activity against wide, but specific spectrum of living organisms [10]. 1,2,4-Triazole cycles and rigid adamantane structures can be combined in bis (1,2,4-triazolyl) Molecules 2021, 26, 5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175400 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules…”

Fused bicyclic 1,2,4‐triazoles with one extra sulfur atom: Synthesis, properties, and biological activity

“…[9,10] 1,2,4-Triazoles are attractive compounds because of their pharmacological application [11] and biological significance. [12][13][14][15] Numerous derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are used as organic corrosion inhibitors. [16] 1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiones, which are the starting material in a lot of Abbreviations: (PPh 3 ) 2 PdCl 2 , Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride; 2-PrONa, sodium propan-2-olate; Ac 2 O, acetic anhydride; AcOH, acetic acid; Alk, alkyl; Ar, aryl; BnNH, benzylamine; CH 2 Cl 2 , dichloromethane; CHCl 3 , chloroform; Cu(OAc) 2 , copper (II) acetate; CuI, copper (I) iodide; CyNH, cyclohexylamine; DMAD, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate; DMF, dimethylformamide; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; Et, ethyl; Et 3 N, triethylamine; EtOH, ethanol; H 2 SO 4 , sulfuric acid; HPA, hypophosphorous acid; Ht, heteryl; K 2 CO 3 , potassium carbonate; K 3 (CN) 6 , potassium ferricyanide; KOH, potassium hydroxide; LC50, the lethal concentration for 50% of the animals tested; LD50, the lethal dose for 50% of the animals tested; LDA, lithium diisopropylamide; Me, methyl; MeCN, acetonitrile; MeOH, methanol; MW, microwave; Na 2 CO 3 , sodium carbonate; Na 2 SO 3 , sodium sulphite; NaHCO 3 , sodium bicarbonate; NaOAC, Sodium acetate; NaOH, sodium hydroxide; NH 3 , ammonia; NH 4 Cl, ammonium chloride; Pd(OAc) 2 , palladium (II) acetate; Ph, phenyl; POCl 3 , phosphoryl chloride; PPA, polyphosphoric acid; Pr, propyl; pTSA, p-Toluenesulfonic acid; Py, pyridine; t-BuOH, tert-butyl alcohol; t-BuOK, potassium tert-butoxide; TEA, triethylamine; THAC, tetrahexylammonium chloride; THF, tetrahydrofuran.…”

Design, Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of New 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives Containing Oxime Ether and Phenoxyl Pyridinyl Moiety

“…Heterocyclic compounds occupied the majority of the commercialized pesticides, play an important role in the development of agricultural fungicides. Among them, the 1,2,4-triazole compounds have become one of the most widely used and studied fungicides due to their low dosage, high selectivity and reduced adverse environmental impact [ 8 , 9 ]. Triazole fungicides have excellent protective and curative power towards a wide spectrum of crop diseases.…”