Exploring How School Counselors Position Low-Income African American Girls as Mathematics and Science Learners

Career Development of Women in Academia: Traversing the Leaky Pipeline

“…On a systemic level, social norms and structures shape traditionally marginalized individuals' experiences of career and work in ways that disadvantage them in future career pursuits (Adams et al, 2005;Gottfredson, 2005;Lapour & Heppner, 2009;Martín-Baró, 1994;West-Olatunji et al, 2010). During childhood and adolescence, marginalized populations experience a lack of support and resources for pursuing higher education (Adams et al, 2005;Blustein, 2006;Deil-Amen & DeLuca, 2010) and are less likely to finish high school (Greene & Winters, 2005), which is problematic given the relationship between educational attainment and the likelihood of future employment (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006, 2009, 2013.…”

“…While there is ample knowledge about marginalized populations regarding their overall career-and workrelated challenges (e.g., Adams, Cahill, & Ackerlind, 2005;Badgett, Lau, Sears, & Ho, 2007;Blustein, 2006;Cook, Heppner, & O'Brien, 2002;Coombs & King, 2005;Gottfredson, 2005;Hackett & Betz, 1981;Lapour & Heppner, 2009;Schmidt & Nilsson, 2006;West-Olatunji et al, 2010), a gap exists in the literature concerning the particular challenges they face in the context of the current economic climate. This gap in knowledge leaves career counselors and counselor educators without an empirical foundation for addressing the particular career development needs of such populations in this troubled economic climate, making it difficult for counselors to respond to calls and implement concrete social justice interventions and actions (Hansen, 2003;Metz & Guichard, 2009;Pope, 2003).…”

Opportunities for Action: Traditionally Marginalized Populations and the Economic Crisis

“…On a systemic level, social norms and structures shape traditionally marginalized individuals' experiences of career and work in ways that disadvantage them in future career pursuits (Adams et al, 2005;Gottfredson, 2005;Lapour & Heppner, 2009;Martín-Baró, 1994;West-Olatunji et al, 2010). During childhood and adolescence, marginalized populations experience a lack of support and resources for pursuing higher education (Adams et al, 2005;Blustein, 2006;Deil-Amen & DeLuca, 2010) and are less likely to finish high school (Greene & Winters, 2005), which is problematic given the relationship between educational attainment and the likelihood of future employment (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006, 2009, 2013.…”

“…Parsons desired to work with such populations given his belief that "wealth and power were unequally distributed throughout society" (Hartung & Blustein, 2002, p. 44). Many authors have proposed that culturally and contextually relevant career development practices be used with traditionally marginalized populations (Guiffrida & Douthit, 2010;Hansen, 2003;Pope, 2003;Trainor, Lindstrom, Simon-Burroughs, Martin, & Sorrells, 2008;West-Olatunji et al, 2010). For example, Blustein et al (2010) suggested that "career development education programs include specific attention to issues pertaining to race, culture, and ethnicity" (p. 253).…”

“…While there is ample knowledge about marginalized populations regarding their overall career-and workrelated challenges (e.g., Adams, Cahill, & Ackerlind, 2005;Badgett, Lau, Sears, & Ho, 2007;Blustein, 2006;Cook, Heppner, & O'Brien, 2002;Coombs & King, 2005;Gottfredson, 2005;Hackett & Betz, 1981;Lapour & Heppner, 2009;Schmidt & Nilsson, 2006;West-Olatunji et al, 2010), a gap exists in the literature concerning the particular challenges they face in the context of the current economic climate. This gap in knowledge leaves career counselors and counselor educators without an empirical foundation for addressing the particular career development needs of such populations in this troubled economic climate, making it difficult for counselors to respond to calls and implement concrete social justice interventions and actions (Hansen, 2003;Metz & Guichard, 2009;Pope, 2003).…”