Exploring Cannabis-Specific Parenting as a Mechanism of the Intergenerational Transmission of Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder

Sternberg, Ariel; Hill, Melanie L.; Suk, Hye Won; Chassin, Laurie

doi:10.15288/jsad.2019.80.32

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Thus, seeing negative maternal consequences of drinking could lead an adolescent to believe that these effects are not so bad or out of the ordinary. Interestingly, similar findings have also been reported in studies of parental substance‐specific communication about alcohol and cannabis (Handley and Chassin, ; Sternberg et al, ). Specifically, Handley and Chassin () found that maternal sharing of her own negative experiences with alcohol was associated with greater alcohol use initiation in a sample of high‐risk adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Handley and Chassin () suggested that mothers discussing their negative experiences with alcohol may actually be enticing rather than a warning against alcohol use, which may decrease negative views and increase positive views of alcohol. Sternberg and colleagues () reported similar findings concerning disclosure of cannabis‐specific negative experiences, with more parental disclosure predicting more cannabis use in adolescents. Thus, discussing parents’ discussing their negative experiences with alcohol and cannabis did not deter adolescents from drinking or using cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

Waddell

Blake

Sternberg

et al. 2020

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Parental drinking and parent alcohol use disorder (AUD) are known predictors of adolescent positive alcohol expectancies, but their link to negative expectancies is unclear. Research suggests that parent drinking may indirectly predict adolescent expectancies through exposure to parental drinking events. However, exposure to parent negative alcohol consequences may be more relevant to adolescents' expectancies. The present study tested the mediating effect of parent observable negative alcohol consequences in the association between parent AUD and adolescent expectancies.Methods: This study used parent and adolescent data from the Adult and Family Development Project. A total of 581 adolescents reported on their alcohol expectancies across 2 waves of data, and their parents reported on potentially observable alcohol-related negative consequences during the first wave. Past-year and lifetime parent AUD were assessed with diagnostic interviews across 6 waves of data.Results: Mothers' observable consequences mediated the effect of her past-year AUD on adolescent negative expectancies in adolescence, but this effect did not hold at a 1.5-year follow-up. Mothers' lifetime AUD was the only prospective predictor of later adolescent negative expectancies. No father drinking variables predicted expectancies, and all models were invariant across child biological sex. Finally, older adolescent age prospectively predicted higher positive expectancies, whereas the adolescents' own drinking predicted lower negative expectancies.Conclusions: These findings, in line with other recent studies, suggest that exposure to mothers' negative experiences with alcohol may counterintuitively normalize negative alcohol effects. This may paradoxically increase risk for adolescents rather than buffering the effects of a family history of parental AUD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

Waddell

Blake

Sternberg

et al. 2020

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…However, one study did not find parental monitoring to be a significant mediator of the link from maternal heavy alcohol use to young adult problem drinking [ 54 ]. Two other studies found that cannabis-specific and alcohol-specific parenting (sharing of negative experiences and efforts to prevent adolescent use) did not mediate the relationship between parental alcohol or cannabis use disorder and adolescent alcohol or cannabis use [ 55 , 58 ]. Finally, two studies failed to find significant mediation for parental attachment [ 27 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targets for intervention to prevent substance use in young people exposed to childhood adversity: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background and aims Childhood adversity is a strong, and concerningly prevalent, risk factor for the later development of substance misuse. Yet despite substantial accumulating evidence for causal mechanisms, there has been little attempt to synthesize the strength of the evidence. Importantly, these mechanisms may be amenable to intervention, providing targets for substance use prevention among those exposed to childhood adversity. The present review aimed to systematically identify mediating and moderating mechanisms operating between childhood adversity and substance use. Methods A systematic review was conducted. Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL) were searched from 1998 to 2020 for modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between childhood adversity and substance use in people aged 10–24. Data was qualitatively synthesised, using a socio-ecological perspective to group mediators/moderators into individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/cultural levels of behaviour. Results After screening against eligibility criteria, 50 studies were included in the current review. The mediators at the individual level of behaviour showing the largest and most consistent effect sizes included externalising behaviour, anger, coping motives for substance use, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Among individual-level moderators, religiosity, future orientation and depressive symptoms all attenuated the relationship between childhood adversity and substance use. At the interpersonal level, peer relationships and mother-child relationships mediated the effect of adversity on substance use. Moderators included family cohesion and relationship quality. Community factors were less commonly studied, though school mobility and educational achievement mediated 14% and 28% of the total effect of childhood adversity on substance use respectively. No mediators or moderators were identified for public policy/culture. Conclusions A substantial proportion of the relationship between childhood adversity and substance use in youth is mediated through individual, interpersonal and community factors. Coupled with the knowledge that existing, evidence-based programs effectively address many of the identified mediators and moderators, this review advances knowledge on optimal targets to prevent substance misuse among those exposed to childhood adversity.

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“…In addition, studies testing the effects of alcohol-specific and marijuana-specific parenting (i.e., discussing the negative effects of alcohol and marijuana) and the effects of observable parent negative consequences (e.g., a parent getting arrested) identified iatrogenic effects of each on alcohol outcomes. That is, discussing the negative outcomes of substance use with a parent and observing negative consequences in a parent were associated with heightened (rather than dampened) risk for alcohol problems (Handley & Chassin, 2013; Sternberg et al, 2019; Waddell et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregating within- and between-person associations to test the aversive transmission of alcohol use in late adolescence through adulthood.

Georgeson,

Waddell,

Paxton

et al. 2024

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: The theory of aversive transmission posits that children of parents who have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may abstain or limit their own alcohol use because they believe themselves to be at risk of developing problems with alcohol. The present study examined relationships among parental AUD, perceived parental AUD, perceived risk for AUD, addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use, and alcohol use using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Method: Participants (N = 805; 48% female; 28% Latinx) were from a longitudinal study investigating intergenerational transmission of AUD. Parental AUD, perceived parental AUD, perceived risk for AUD, addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use, and alcohol use (quantity, frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking) were measured every 5 years from late adolescence (Mage = 20) to adulthood (Mage = 32). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models tested whether there were stable between-person relations or time-varying within-person relations among these variables. Results: At the between-person level, perceived parental AUD predicted greater addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use and greater perceived risk. Those with greater addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use were less likely to use any alcohol and drank less frequently. Parental AUD was associated with higher levels of alcohol use as well as perceived risk. No consistent cross-lagged paths were found at the within-person level. Conclusions: Study findings were at the betweenperson level rather than the within-person level. Future work on aversive transmission is needed to better understand this subgroup of children of parents with AUD. Public Health Significance StatementThis study found that individuals who believe their parent has an alcohol use disorder may have greater motivation to limit their own alcohol use, and the relationships among these variables were stable from late adolescence to adulthood. However, the study did not find evidence that time-specific increases in motivation for limiting alcohol use led to decreases in subsequent drinking behavior in late adolescence or adulthood.

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Exploring Cannabis-Specific Parenting as a Mechanism of the Intergenerational Transmission of Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

Targets for intervention to prevent substance use in young people exposed to childhood adversity: A systematic review

Disaggregating within- and between-person associations to test the aversive transmission of alcohol use in late adolescence through adulthood.

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