Exploring and exploiting different catalytic systems for the direct conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid

Chiappe, Cinzia; Rodriguez‐Douton, Maria Jesus; Mezzetta, Andrea; Guazzelli, Lorenzo; Pomelli, Christian Silvio; Assanelli, Giulio; Angelis, Alberto R. de

doi:10.1039/c7nj04707j

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts composed of an organic cation and an organic or an inorganic anion which are liquid below 100 C. The physico-chemical properties of these neoteric solvents (e.g., negligible vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, high thermal stability, low ammability) [1][2][3] and the possibility to tweak them by changing the constituent ions 4 allowed their use in different elds. ILs have been studied and exploited for instance in the dissolution, fractionation and functionalization of biomasses, [5][6][7][8] in organic synthesis, 9,10 in analytical chemistry, 11 in electrochemistry 12,13 and, more recently, in biological and pharmaceutical applications. 14 Dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) are a subclass of ILs which are characterized by two cationic head groups linked to one another by means of a spacer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the intermolecular vibrational modes of dicationic ionic liquids through far-infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the intermolecular vibrational modes of dicationic ionic liquids through far-infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, some of us reported a novel procedure for the separation of sporopollenin from the other pollen components, using ionic liquids (ILs) 13 . ILs are organic salts which are liquid below 100 °C and, thanks to the possibility to tailor their physico-chemical properties by changing the constituting ion, found use in a wide range of different applications during the last two decades [14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

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Fe-functionalized paramagnetic sporopollenin from pollen grains: one-pot synthesis using ionic liquids

Chiappe

Rodriguez‐Douton

Mozzati

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the preparation of fe-decorated sporopollenins was achieved using pollen grains and an ionic liquid as solvent and functionalizing agent. the integrity of the organic capsules was ascertained through scanning electron microscopy studies. The presence of Fe in the capsule was investigated using FT-IR, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetization measurements allowed us to demonstrate the paramagnetic behavior of our Fe-functionalized sporopollenin. A few potential applications of pollen-based systems functionalized with magnetic metal ions via ionic liquids are discussed. Highly organized and complex 3D microstructures hold great promise for manifold applications across nanotechnologies as carriers, scavengers or catalysts, to name a few possible functional uses 1-4. Driven by these exciting prospects, great efforts have been devoted in the last few years to the preparation of polymeric microcapsules through different routes, including template-assisted methods, self-assembly of block copolymer processes, and interfacial mini-emulsion polymerization methods 5-8. However, the synthesis of such structures is generally costly and difficult, especially when obtaining microcapsule of uniform size distribution and large inner cavity is crucial. In this context, innovative strategies are progressively moving beyond artificial material synthesis and looking to nature for inspiration. In particular, scientists have started to appreciate the myriad of unique, widely available biological systems and their microscale and nanoscale architectures that might be useful for the design and fabrication of functional materials. For instance, viruses, large globular proteins like ferritin, chromatids are nanoscale structures; Larger-still microscale-structures are pollen grains. In this scenario, pollen grains represent a very promising source of 3D microstructures with desirable morphologies: they can indeed be easily sourced in large amounts from plants and can provide, through cost-effective approaches, polymeric microcapsules with a wide variety of shape and size. These features, and most importantly their consistency which is guaranteed by the species specificity, are crucial and difficult to obtain with purely synthetic materials 9-11. In pollen grains, the male partner in the reproductive process, the genetic material is protected by a double-layered wall, which consists of an inner layer (intine) and an outer layer (exine). The former is constituted mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, whereas the latter, known as sporopollenin (SP) is composed largely of a biopolymer, whose chemical structure is still unclear, containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This polymer is characterized by remarkable strength and elasticity. Furthermore, it shows an extraordinary resistance to chemical degradation or dissolution while being at the same time readily amenable to derivatization due to the presence of a network of functional groups (carbo...

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“…Shen and coworkers reported that a high catalytic activity for the conversion of cellulose to LA with a yield of 39.4% was achieved in the presence of IL 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BSMim]HSO 4 ) with addition of water at 120°C for 120 min ( [351]. The excellent performance of 0.375 wt% TiOSO 4 was mainly due to the mixed Brønsted-Lewis acid catalytic system.…”

Section: Levulinic Acid (La)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemocatalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Key Platform Chemicals

Liu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Chemocatalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals has attracted global interest in order to build up sustainable societies. Cellulose, the first most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, has received extensive attention for its comprehensive utilization of resource, such as its catalytic conversion into high value-added chemicals and fuels (e.g., HMF, DMF, and isosorbide). However, the low reactivity of cellulose has prevented its use in chemical industry due to stable chemical structure and poor solubility in common solvents over the cellulose. Recently, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of cellulose has been expected to overcome this issue, because various types of pretreatment and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts can be designed and applied in a wide range of reaction conditions. In this review, we show the present situation and perspective of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the direct conversion of cellulose into useful platform chemicals.

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Exploring and exploiting different catalytic systems for the direct conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid

Abstract: The single step conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid has been studied under hydrothermal conditions with several catalytic systems.

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

An insight into the intermolecular vibrational modes of dicationic ionic liquids through far-infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations

An insight into the intermolecular vibrational modes of dicationic ionic liquids through far-infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations

Fe-functionalized paramagnetic sporopollenin from pollen grains: one-pot synthesis using ionic liquids

Chemocatalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Key Platform Chemicals

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