Explorative study of interleukin levels in the human cornea

Becker, Jakob; Salla, Sabine; Dohmen, U.; Redbrake, Claudia; Reim, Martin

doi:10.1007/bf00184087

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Further studies have observed high IL-8 and IL-1 rates in corneas after eye burns [53]. These data could be reproduced in the EVEIT system with IL-8 being upregulated for NaOH and also for the sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (Fig.…”

Section: Release Of Inflammatory Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Schrage

2010

Chemical Ocular Burns

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The barriers of the eye differ from that of skin in dimensions and mucosal organization: there are epithelial cellular barriers made of lipid layers on the eye and dry surfaces made of proteins in the stratified surfaces of the skin. Skin is protected by a superficial outer fatty film, the stratum corneum, and covered by a thick layer of cells, the basal cellular layer. Thanks to these thick layers, skin has a high resistance to initial diffusion of aqueous fluids and less resistance to lipophilic solvents and to acids. The initial chemical cracking of the lipid layer allows fluids to invade deeper layers of the skin. The basal cell layer and the hair follicles contain stem cells capable of epithelial regeneration.The construction of the eye is completely different. The outer layer of this mucosa consists of a tiny tear layer of lipids and water which covers a superficial epithelium closed by double layer lipid membranes of 30-70 nm size interconnected by tight junctions. Three to seven layers of epithelial cells cover the stromal structures of conjunctiva or cornea. The conjunctival surface has interposed cells secreting small amounts of mucin, the so-called goblet cells, which are typically missing within the corneal epithelium. The regeneration of epithelial structures is due to the limbal stem cells located deep in the Vogt's crypts, for the cornea, and to the conjunctival stem cells lying deep in the fornices, for the conjunctiva.The stroma of cornea and conjunctiva consists of connective tissue, which in the conjunctiva is extremely soft, containing superficial and deep vessels on the sclera located in arterial and venous vessels.These vessels end in arcade-like structures at the limbus. The corneal stroma is made of three different main layers that differ in density of collagen and type of packing. The Bowman's membrane of the anterior stroma is part of the basal membrane of the corneal epithelium and accounts for 5% of the thickness of the central 500-600 mm cornea. The corneal stroma consists of highly ordered, horizontally organized and noninterconnected collagen I and X fibrillae that are kept in a hydrated state with a water content of 72-78% and an osmolarity of 420 mOsmol/kg [1].The inner layer of the corneal stroma is a dense membrane of collagen like the basal membrane of the monolayer of corneal endothelium. Descemets membrane is transparent with a thickness varying from 7 to 20 mm, according to the age of the individual. Conjunctiva and cornea host nerve endings of high density in the superficial and basal layers. The cornea at the limbus smoothly changes to sclera with interconnected nontransparent collagen fibrils. Physiological Mechanisms of Decontamination on the EyeIn case of surface contact of fluids with skin, typically nondefatted skin will pearl off the liquids immediately. Defatted skin tends to allow better contact for fluids. The application of soaps or detergents would lessen this initial effect. In contrast to that, the miscibility of

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Section: Release Of Inflammatory Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Schrage

2010

Chemical Ocular Burns

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“…44 The latter is of interest, given that individuals of Asian descent are more susceptible to developing KC than Caucasians. 45 Indeed, KC corneas have increased IL-1α and IL-1β expression, 35,46,47 and fibroblasts from KC patients show elevated expression for IL-1α receptors. 48 In general, IL-1α is upregulated during corneal trauma and inflammation.…”

Section: Interleukin-1mentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytokine Expression in Keratoconus and its Corneal Microenvironment: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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“…Ophthalmic Res 2006;38:182-188 183 logical processes, such as ocular rosacea, bullous keratopathy, keratitis, keratoconus, alkali burn, corneal ulceration, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, ocular pemphigoid, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, contact lens wear and uveitis, and also in the pathogenesis of corneal graft rejection [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . IL-6 may also play a crucial role in the development of postoperative infl ammation after cataract surgery [16] , since it has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and may therefore be involved in corneal wound healing [9,10,17] .…”

Section: Enhanced Release Of Il-6 and Il-8 Into Tearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Release of IL-6 and IL-8 into Tears in Various Anterior Segment Eye Diseases

et al. 2006

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Objective: To determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) in tears collected from the eyes of normal individuals and of patients with different irritative eye diseases, in order to acquire information on the immunological changes occurring during the early postoperative period following various forms of eye surgery, including penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Methods: IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured with the aid of human ultrasensitive ELISA kits in the non-stimulated tears of patients in the early postoperative period following PKP or cataract operation, and of patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis or with a corneal foreign body. The IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations, the total amounts released in a given time and the rates of their release were calculated. Results: A significant increase in IL-6 release was observed in all patient groups compared with the normal controls (p ≤ 0.003). The IL-8 release levels were significantly higher in the tears of all patient groups (p ≤ 0.03), except for the cataract operation group, where the IL-8 release was not significantly higher (p = 0.053) than in the control samples. No significant differences in IL-6 or IL-8 release were observed when the various patient groups were compared with each other. Conclusion: The release of IL-6 and IL-8 into the tears is enhanced in various anterior segment eye diseases, and this may be used as an indicator of various inflammatory reactions in the early postoperative period.

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Explorative study of interleukin levels in the human cornea

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Cytokine Expression in Keratoconus and its Corneal Microenvironment: A Systematic Review

Enhanced Release of IL-6 and IL-8 into Tears in Various Anterior Segment Eye Diseases

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