Exploration of hydrogen odorants for fuel cell vehicles

Imamura, Daichi; Akai, Motoaki; Watanabe, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.007

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Few relevant fuel cell studies obtained with SO 2 , H 2 S, sulfides and mercaptans are available because most do not conform to the present model assumptions (constant electrode potential, successive positive and negative step changes in contaminant concentration, transients recorded until a steady state is reached) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. High temperature SO 2 and H 2 S data obtained with polybenzimidazole based membrane/electrode assemblies do not show an irrecoverable loss [40].…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination model: Competitive adsorption followed by a surface segregated electrochemical reaction leading to an irreversibly adsorbed product

St‐Pierre¹

2010

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination model: Competitive adsorption followed by a surface segregated electrochemical reaction leading to an irreversibly adsorbed product

St‐Pierre¹

2010

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Imamura et al [18] compared the effects of various sulfur compounds and sulfur-free compounds odorants on the performance of fuel cells and their condensation performance under high pressure conditions. Hibino et al [19] suggested organic acids (e.g., acetic acid and butyric acid) be used as odorants for recognizing hydrogen leakage.…”

Section: ) Odour Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Leakage Diagnosis for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems: Methods and Suggestions on Its Application in Fuel Cell Vehicles

2020

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“…However, the hydrogen composition and more specifically contaminants and their concentration are variable and related to fuel cost (2,52). Odorants added to the fuel to facilitate leak detection were suggested increasing the number of species requiring an evaluation (55). Recently, the hydrogen composition for fuel cell applications was standardized partly alleviating the risks of contamination (ISO 14687-2, SAE J2719).…”

Section: Contaminant Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEMFC Contamination - Fundamentals and Outlook

et al. 2014

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Contamination of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is coming to the forefront as commercialization activities multiply and fuel cell systems are confronted to field conditions away from the controlled laboratory environment. The recent progress achieved in understanding the disruptive effects of contaminants is reviewed. The analysis is focused on contaminant effects, contaminant sources, mechanisms, mitigation strategies and knowledge gaps in all these areas. IntroductionAs the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) comes closer to reality, systems are taken out of the controlled laboratory environment with purified air and hydrogen reagents. The impact of foreign species is coming to the forefront because air quality is currently beyond our ability to control (1) and the cost of hydrogen is partly tied to its composition (2). A multitude of contaminants, impurities, poisons and inhibitors have already been characterized (3,4). However, many species remain to be identified including their deactivation mechanisms, preventive mitigation approaches and recovery procedures. Foreign species have the capability to harmfully disrupt the functions of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts, and the ion exchange polymer. Both of these membrane/electrode assembly materials are essential for PEMFC operation. The incumbent Pt ORR and HOR catalyst is poorly selective and thus has multiple uses (5) rendering it susceptible to deactivation (6,7). The present Nafion ion exchange polymer composed of perfluorovinyl ether groups terminated with sulfonate groups attached to a tetrafluoroethylene backbone, is also poorly selective and permeable to almost any species including gases, solvents and cations (813). The ionic conductivity and reactant permeability of the ionomer is smaller in the presence of foreign species (1417). The risk associated with many contaminant species left to be characterized is further compounded by the few organizations involved in such activities. Thus, many opportunities still remain to expand the knowledge base and enhance the commercialization potential of PEMFCs.Fundamentals aspects of PEMFC contamination are discussed with particular attention given to recent developments and existing knowledge gaps. This information is expected to facilitate the development of research and development programs focusing on the most urgent needs for a successful introduction of fuel cells into the market. The effects resulting from contamination are first described. The contaminants origins are 10.1149/06123.0001ecst ©The Electrochemical Society ECS Transactions, 61 (23) 1-14 (2014) 1 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 131.215.225.9 Downloaded on 2015-06-19 to IPsubsequently discussed. The contamination mechanisms section which includes characterization methods provides a background for the last section about mitigation. PEMFC Contamination Contaminan...

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Exploration of hydrogen odorants for fuel cell vehicles

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination model: Competitive adsorption followed by a surface segregated electrochemical reaction leading to an irreversibly adsorbed product

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination model: Competitive adsorption followed by a surface segregated electrochemical reaction leading to an irreversibly adsorbed product

Hydrogen Leakage Diagnosis for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems: Methods and Suggestions on Its Application in Fuel Cell Vehicles

PEMFC Contamination - Fundamentals and Outlook

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