Experimental test of sequential weak measurements for certified quantum randomness extraction

Foletto, Giulio; Padovan, Matteo; Avesani, Marco; Tebyanian, Hamid; Villoresi, Paolo; Vallone, Giuseppe

doi:10.1103/physreva.103.062206

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Recently, the possibility that entanglement from the same source can be recycled multiple times, by sequential pairs of independent observers, has been shown by Silva et al [3]. This has attracted great interest both theoretically [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and experimentally [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling qubits for the generation of Bell nonlocality between independent sequential observers

Cheng,

Liu,

Baker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is currently much interest in the recycling of entangled systems, for use in quantum information protocols by sequential observers. In this work, we study the sequential generation of Bell nonlocality via recycling one or both components of two-qubit states. We first give a description of two-valued qubit measurements in terms of measurement bias, strength, and reversibility, and derive useful tradeoff relations between them. Then, we derive one-sided monogamy relations that support the recent Conjecture in [S. Cheng et al., arXiv:2102.11574], that if the first pair of observers violate Bell nonlocality then a subsequent independent pair cannot. We also answer a question raised in [P. J. Brown and R. Colbeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 090401 (2020)], by showing that the conditions given therein for the recycling of one qubit by an arbitrarily large number of observers are sufficient but not necessary. Finally, we find that it is possible to share Bell nonlocality between multiple pairs of independent observers on both sides, if sufficiently many pairs of qubits are shared. Our results are based on a formalism that is applicable to more general problems in recycling entanglement, and hence is expected to aid progress in this field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling qubits for the generation of Bell nonlocality between independent sequential observers

Cheng,

Liu,

Baker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…It was recently shown, in a network scenario, that multiple pairs of independent observers can exploit the same entangled state by weakly measuring and passing along its components [3]. This has generated great interest both theoretically [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and experimentally [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations on sharing Bell nonlocality between sequential pairs of observers

et al. 2021

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We give strong analytic and numerical evidence that, under mild measurement assumptions, two qubits cannot both be recycled to generate Bell nonlocality between multiple independent observers on each side. This is surprising, as under the same assumptions it is possible to recycle just one of the qubits an arbitrarily large number of times [P. J. Brown and R. Colbeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 090401 (2020)]. We derive corresponding 'one-sided monogamy relations' that rule out two-sided recycling for a wide range of parameters, based on a general tradeoff relation between the strengths and maximum reversibilities of qubit measurements. We also show if the assumptions are relaxed to allow sufficiently biased measurement selections, then there is a narrow range of measurement strengths that allows two-sided recycling for two observers on each side, and propose an experimental test. Our methods may be readily applied to other types of quantum correlations, such as steering and entanglement, and hence to general information protocols involving sequential measurements.

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“…Conversely, quantum mechanics can provide genuine and unpredictable randomness based on its intrinsic probabilistic nature, thus allowing for the realization of a quantum RNG. Quantum random number generators (QRNG)'s protocols are classified into three main categories: devicedependent (DD) [10][11][12], device-independent (DI) [13][14][15], and semi-DI [16][17][18]. In the first category, namely DD protocols, the user trusts the performance of the generator and its experimental apparatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum randomness generation via orbital angular momentum modes crosstalk in a ring-core fiber

Zahidy¹,

Tebyanian²,

Cozzolino³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Genuine random numbers can be produced beyond a shadow of doubt through the intrinsic randomness provided by quantum mechanics theory. While many degrees of freedom have been investigated for randomness generation, not adequate attention has been paid to the orbital angular momentum of light. In this work, we present a quantum random number generator based on the intrinsic randomness inherited from the superposition of orbital angular momentum modes caused by the crosstalk inside a ring-core fiber. We studied two possible cases: a first one, device-dependent, where the system is trusted, and a second one, semi-device-independent, where the adversary can control the measurements. We experimentally realized the former, extracted randomness, and, after privacy amplification, we achieved a generation rate higher than 10 Mbit/s. In addition, we presented a possible realization of the semi-device-independent protocol, using a newly introduced integrated silicon photonic chip. Our work can be considered as a starting point for novel investigations of quantum random number generators based on the orbital angular momentum of light.

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Experimental test of sequential weak measurements for certified quantum randomness extraction

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Recycling qubits for the generation of Bell nonlocality between independent sequential observers

Recycling qubits for the generation of Bell nonlocality between independent sequential observers

Limitations on sharing Bell nonlocality between sequential pairs of observers

Quantum randomness generation via orbital angular momentum modes crosstalk in a ring-core fiber

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