“…FEM is a common tool that is used extensively by consultants to model the soil behavior before, during and after the reclamation process. The super structures under construction, soil layer specifications, and machinery availability are the main parameters that determine the final design parameters including sealing measures (Long, Nguyen et al 2015, Anda, Fu et al 2020, depth (Griffin andO'Kelly 2014, Long, Nguyen et al 2015)and spacing (Long, Bergado et al 2013, Wang, Yu et al 2020 , and the required preloading pressure (Bhosle and Deshmukh 2018). (Mesri and Khan 2012) State that there is no difference in the magnitude and rate of settlement resulting from a vacuum load and an equivalent fill load.…”