Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Bucknell, Alexander; McGilvray, Matthew; Gillespie, David R. H.; Jones, Geoff; Reed, Alasdair; Collier, Benjamin

doi:10.2514/6.2018-4223

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Previous work [6][7][8][9] used this type of view to measure the thickness of the ice, while making the assumption that there was a uniform ice thickness along the viewing axis of the camera. This dataset was used to pseudo-validate the DIP data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In latter years, more sophisticated imaging techniques have evolved to extract quantitative data. The most commonly used technique utilises back-lit shadography of a two dimensional test article and edge detection algorithms to determine the spatial position of the accretion edge and hence its overall shape [6][7][8][9]. This method has provided essential data for the numerical models produced to date, however, the method assumes that the accretion profile is uniform along the span of the test article, which would only be true for an infinitely long or axisymmetric test piece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Image Projection for 3D Ice Crystal Icing Accretion Measurements

Connolly

McGilvray

Gillespie

et al. 2020

Aiaa Aviation 2020 Forum

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Image Projection for 3D Ice Crystal Icing Accretion Measurements

Connolly

McGilvray

Gillespie

et al. 2020

Aiaa Aviation 2020 Forum

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“…An experimental campaign was conducted in 2017 to generate semiempirical models for ice crystal sticking and erosion when impinging on initially warm surfaces, at engine-realistic conditions. The findings of the study are detailed in full in [40]. It was determined that the sticking probability could be expressed as a function of melt ratio, as given by…”

Section: Sticking On Surfaces Abovementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed experimentally that erosion has a significant effect on the growth rate of accretions at engine-typical conditions [10], [40], [46]. Semi-empirical models have been proposed in [6], [10].…”

Section: Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary mechanism of accretion mass loss is then assumed to be ductile erosion [10], dependent upon the velocity and diameter of the impinging particles, as well as the accretion temperature. A semiempirical model was developed following testing of a conical test article in the NRC Research Altitude Test Facility, as detailed in [40]. Sticking and erosion are coupled to produce a 'net' sticking efficiency:…”

Section: Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

Bucknell¹,

McGilvray²,

Gillespie³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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High altitude ice crystals can pose a threat to aircraft engine compression and combustion systems. Cases of engine damage, surge and rollback have been recorded in recent years, believed due to ice crystals partially melting and accreting on static surfaces (stators, endwalls and ducting). The increased awareness and understanding of this phenomenon has resulted in the extension of icing certification requirements to include glaciated and mixed phase conditions. Developing semi-empirical models is a cost effective way of enabling certification, and providing simple design rules for next generation engines. A comprehensive ice crystal icing model is presented in this paper, the Ice Crystal Icing ComputationaL Environment (ICICLE). It is modular in design, comprising a baseline code consisting of an axisymmetric or 2D planar flowfield solution, Lagrangian particle tracking, air-particle heat transfer and phase change, and surface interactions (bouncing, fragmentation, sticking). In addition, an efficient particle tracking method has been developed into the code, which employs the representative particle size distribution at each injection location and a deterministic particle sticking method by using an in-situ particle based scaling factor without aborting the particle trajectories. Various time integration algorithms, including implicit and explicit Euler and Runge-Kutta methods, are discussed and the effect on an acceptable timestep investigated. The model then improves on those available in the literature in three ways: firstly, an adaptation of the Extended Messinger Model (EMM) to mixed phase conditions is incorporated, improving the fidelity of the ice accretion prediction compared with the classical Messinger model. Secondly, an experimentally-derived model for sticking efficiency improves the accuracy of the continuity equation in the EMM; thirdly a simple model for integrating two-way coupling of mass and energy is proposed.

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Boundary Conditions for Compressor Cascade Ice Crystal Icing Testing

Nagorski

Koch

Staudacher

2021

Journal of Turbomachinery

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At the Altitude Test Facility (ATF) of the University of Stuttgart a linear compressor cascade test rig serves the investigation of ice crystal icing (ICI) under engine realistic conditions. A numerical model of the first stage of NASA Stage 67 is validated with experimental data taken from literature and used to investigate the respective ice crystal icing conditions for prospective cascade experiments. Eleven operating points simulating climb conditions with constant non-dimensional power setting through ascending parcels of moist air are selected for analysis. Only the melting-dominated regime is considered. The 3D flow field is obtained using a RANS approach in combination with a Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model. The droplet and ice crystal trajectories are calculated based on an Eulerian framework. The computation of the surface energy balance is adapted from the Messinger model taking into account unsteady phenomena. Four of eleven selected operating points indicate the onset of substantial ice accretion. A static wet bulb temperature of freezing constitutes in general the lower icing limit for rig experiments. The upper icing limit depends on the ice water content impinging and sticking to the target surface.

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Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Digital Image Projection for 3D Ice Crystal Icing Accretion Measurements

Digital Image Projection for 3D Ice Crystal Icing Accretion Measurements

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

Boundary Conditions for Compressor Cascade Ice Crystal Icing Testing

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