Experimental Skull Deformation and Brain Displacement Demonstrated by Flash X-Ray Technique

Hodgson, V. R.; Gurdjian, E. S.; Thomas, L. M.

doi:10.3171/jns.1966.25.5.0549

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results are generally consistent with those reported by earlier investigators, such as Hodgson et al (1966), Hardy et al (2001) and Zou et al (2007a). Hardy et al (2001) show that the displacement -time curve in the impact direction has a sinusoidal shape for all three of their cadaveric subjects.…”

Section: Relative Brain Motion During Mild Impact Y Feng Et Al 1683supporting

confidence: 93%

Relative brain displacement and deformation during constrained mild frontal head impact

Feng¹,

Abney²,

Okamoto³

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

105

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes the measurement of fields of relative displacement between the brain and the skull in vivo by tagged magnetic resonance imaging and digital image analysis. Motion of the brain relative to the skull occurs during normal activity, but if the head undergoes high accelerations, the resulting large and rapid deformation of neuronal and axonal tissue can lead to long-term disability or death. Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of acceleration-induced traumatic brain injury promise to illuminate the mechanisms of axonal and neuronal pathology, but numerical studies require knowledge of boundary conditions at the brain -skull interface, material properties and experimental data for validation. The current study provides a dense set of displacement measurements in the human brain during mild frontal skull impact constrained to the sagittal plane. Although head motion is dominated by translation, these data show that the brain rotates relative to the skull. For these mild events, characterized by linear decelerations near 1.5g (g ¼ 9.81 m s 22) and angular accelerations of 120 -140 rad s 22 , relative brain -skull displacements of 2-3 mm are typical; regions of smaller displacements reflect the tethering effects of brain -skull connections. Strain fields exhibit significant areas with maximal principal strains of 5 per cent or greater. These displacement and strain fields illuminate the skull -brain boundary conditions, and can be used to validate simulations of brain biomechanics.

show abstract

Section: Relative Brain Motion During Mild Impact Y Feng Et Al 1683supporting

confidence: 93%

Relative brain displacement and deformation during constrained mild frontal head impact

Feng¹,

Abney²,

Okamoto³

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

105

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of its accessibility, qualitative relative brain-skull motion in nonhuman primates during impact was observed using a transparent calvarium (Gosch et al, 1970;Pudenz and Shelden, 1946;Shelden et al, 1944). Later, X-ray systems were developed to quantitatively measure the relative brainskull motion using radio-sensitive materials injected/ implanted inside the vasculature, brain tissue or ventricles of live or dead animals as well as human cadavers (Hardy et al, 1997Gurdjian et al, 1968;Hodgson et al, 1966;Nusholtz et al, 1984;Shatsky et al, 1974;Stalnaker et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shatsky et al (1974), Hodgson et al (1966) and Gurdjian et al (1968) used flash X-ray to visualize skull deformation and brain displacement in anesthetized dogs, rhesus monkeys, and intact human cadavers during impact. Using intravascular contrast media and implanted lead markers, Gurdjian et al (1968) observed that the brainstem moved toward the foramen magnum during a midoccipital impact with the head upright.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo pons motion within the skull

Ji¹,

Margulies²

2007

Journal of Biomechanics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Yet, knowledge of brain motion within the skull is critical to understanding the mechanisms of head injury. The early efforts of Hodgson et al (1966), Shatsky (1973), Stalnaker et al (1977), and Nusholtz et al (1984) that employed a variety of high‐speed x‐ray techniques were reviewed by Hardy et al (2001) None of these studies was able to provide accurate three‐dimensional quantitative brain motion data. Not until a high‐speed biplane system was developed at the Herrick‐Davis Motion Analysis Lab of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, during the tenure of Dr. Eric L. Radin as director of the Bone and Joint Center, were these data obtainable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-speed biplane x-ray and neutral density targets were used to examine brain displacement and deformation, as well as aortic motion and deformation within the mediastinum, during impact. Thirty-five impacts using eight human cadaver head and neck specimens and eight impacts of the intact cadaver thorax are summarized. During impact, local brain tissue tends to keep its position and shape with respect to the inertial frame, resulting in relative motion between the brain and skull and deformation of the brain. The local brain motions tend to follow looping patterns. Similar patterns are observed for impact in different planes, with some degree of posterior-anterior and right-left symmetry. Clinically relevant damage to the aorta was observed in seven of the thorax tests. The presence of atherosclerosis was demonstrated to promote tearing. The isthmus of the aorta moved dorsocranially during frontal impact and submarining loading modes. The aortic isthmus moved medially and anteriorly during impact to the left side.

show abstract

Experimental Skull Deformation and Brain Displacement Demonstrated by Flash X-Ray Technique

Cited by 49 publications

References 2 publications

Relative brain displacement and deformation during constrained mild frontal head impact

Relative brain displacement and deformation during constrained mild frontal head impact

In vivo pons motion within the skull

Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About