Experimental Physiology of a Heart--Lung Machine in Parallel with Normal Circulation

Changes in Blood After Using an Extracorporeal Circulation

“…Changes in the white cells have been noted by Melrose et al (1953) and DeWall et al (1957). These authors describe a fall in total white-cell counts on perfusion and a rise soon after.…”

“…The extracorporeal circulation consisted of a Melrose (1953) oxygenator together with an occlusive pump (Nixon, 1959), and hypothermia was not used. Before perfusion 2.5 mg./'kg.…”

The Early History of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

“…Bernard J. Miller, John H. Gibbon Jr and Mary H. Gibbon, 1951 1 . While the early pioneers of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) hoped the technology could be used as a form of temporary life support for patients with acute cardiac or respiratory failure, initial attempts at prolonged "partial perfusion", using rotating disc oxygenators (in which blood was directly exposed to oxygen) proved disappointing [2][3][4] . These "direct contact" oxygenators caused considerable trauma to the blood, resulting in haemolysis and protein denaturation, and could rarely be used for more than a few hours before serious complications occurred 5 .…”

Zur Stoffwechselsituation des Herzens in der Abgangsphase der extrakorporalen Zirkulation*

“…Die arterielle Milchsäurekonzentration liegt als Folge der Hyperventilation und der extrakorporalen Zirkulation bei unseren Patienten sehr hoch (MELROSE U. Mitarb. [22], BALLINGER u. Mitarb. [1]).…”

“…[20], ZIMMERMANN [22]). Im wesentlichen beruht diese Kritik der Wertigkeit des Exzeß Laktat auf der unterschiedlichen Permeationsgeschwindigkeit der Milchsäure und Brenztraubensäure durch die Zellmembran.…”