Experimental Optimization of the Parameters of the Cutter-Thrower of Forest Fire Soil-Throwing Machine With the Function of Fire-Break Maker

Abstract

To date, the problem of forest fires does not lose its relevance. New technical means are being developed to prevent and eliminate forest fires. The article describes laboratory tests of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker. To conduct experiments on the study and analysis of the process of throwing soil with a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker, a laboratory installation was developed and manufactured with the ability to change a large number of adjustment parameters with the ability to work in the soil channel of the MF and MD laboratory. The program of experimental studies included the study of the process of throwing soil with a throwing cutter equipped with 6, 4 or 3 blades, when working together with spherical disks with a diameter of 440 mm. The experimental studies were carried out as follows. Initially, by turning on the hydraulic drive, the cutter-thrower of the experimental sample of forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker was put into rotation. The speed of the cutter-thrower was 500 rpm. Then the attachment of the traction and energy trolley was put into operation, which lowered the cutter-thrower to contact with the soil. The trolley was set in motion at a constant speed of 0.28 m/s and covered a distance of 10 m in 36 to 38 s, taking into account acceleration and deceleration. The depth of the cutter-thrower was 0.15 m. At the end of the movement, it was braked and the hydraulic motor was turned off, which set the cutter-thrower in motion. The pressure characteristics of the working fluid, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the operation of the device, were taken using the strain gauge station ZetLab (ZET 058). According to the results of processing the experimental data, it was determined that it is rational to use 6 blades to equip the design of the cutter-thrower. The optimal value of the angle γ of their installation is -10º.

Analysis of promising areas of constructive and technological improvement of units for digging seedlings

“…Employees of Voronezh State Forestry Academy propose to use a machine for digging seedlings (Fig. 4), which includes working bodies made in the form of triangles 4, while for smooth entry into the soil they have a direction with sharp angles towards the excavated seedling [5]. To increase the expansion of functionality and improve the quality of work, the machine is equipped with a half bucket 5, a hydraulic cylinder 6 and a limiter 9.…”

“…2), due to the disk digger, a reactive force is created that balances the resistance force from the side of the digging knife, thereby stabilizing the equilibrium of the unit in the horizontal plane, which increases the exchange rate stability in a unit [3]. According to the same principle, it is proposed to increase the exchange rate stability in the design and technological scheme of Drapalyuk M.V., which involves the installation of knives on disks at an angle to stabilize the cutting moments [10]. In the root pruner for forest nurseries according to the RF Patent 95217, the displacement of the unit in the horizontal plane is achieved through the use of runners and flat paws, which allow maintaining the required digging depth, thereby reducing the magnitude and probability of multidirectional moments [12].…”