“…However, the actual combustion wave temperatures of propellants containing TAGP-M are difficult to obtain due to the lack of accurate information or data on the flame emissivity of propellants studied in this work. Researchers have suggested that the combustion wave temperatures measured for the propellants are usually correlated positively with their flame radiation intensities under the same conditions such as ambient temperature, ambient medium, and shooting angle. , Therefore, the flame radiation intensity and its dependence on burn time were evaluated for the studied composite propellants at 1 MPa under a nitrogen atmosphere using a high-speed infrared camera. The sequential flame images recorded for the composite propellants are shown in Figure (a–d), which allows one to preliminarily judge the relative difference in flame radiation intensity for the involved samples.…”