Experimental investigation of compression moulding of glass/PA12-PMI foam core sandwich components

McGarva, L.; Åström, B. Tomas

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(99)00028-7

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is also obvious that polymethacrylimide (PMI) cores, traded under the name Rohacell 1 , are applied by some researchers. 3,9,32,44,45 Although PMI is unmeltable, which defeats the recycling concept for all-thermoplastic sandwiches, the high temperature resistance up to 180 C in combination with the thermoformability makes PMI attractive for the application in TPC sandwiches 7,51 . Concerning highperformance thermoplastic polymers, polyethersulfone (PES) and especially PEI cores find application.…”

Section: Core Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since manufacturing methods for thermoset-based sandwiches are labour and time-consuming, thermoset composite sandwich structures rarely find application in high volume articles. 6,7,9,10 Additionally, thermoset-based sandwiches cannot fully meet today's demands concerning environmental sustainability and health due to poor recyclability and healthendangering raw components. 11 Besides, materials are more and more required to show a low environmental footprint for the entire life cycle, which includes the raw material, the manufacturing steps as well as a strategy for the time after service life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing of thermoplastic composite sandwich structures

Grünewald

Parlevliet

Altstädt

2016

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Composite sandwich structures show promising lightweight properties for the aviation industry. Nowadays time-consuming manufacturing methods still prevent an extensive application of composite sandwiches, which can be overcome by the use of thermoplastic polymers in skins and core. During manufacturing of thermoplastic composite (TPC) sandwich structures, the joining of skins and core is a critical step. Therefore, several skin-core joining methods have been under investigation and development in the published literature, which can be categorized into adhesive bonding or fusion bonding. Fusion bonding by means of vacuum moulding, compression moulding or in situ foaming shows great potential for joining sandwich skins and core. Although various phenomena such as core collapsing or skin deconsolidation challenge the processes. This article aims to present an overview of research that has been done in the area of manufacturing TPC sandwich structures and will serve as a baseline and aid for further research and development efforts.

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Section: Core Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing of thermoplastic composite sandwich structures

Grünewald

Parlevliet

Altstädt

2016

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…The fatigue behaviors of the PMI foam in tension, compression and shear were investigated by Burman and Zenkert [5][6][7] as well as the impact responses [8][9][10][11]. In addition, the basic mechanical properties of sandwich structures with PMI foam core were also characterized [5,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], where the sandwich beams or panels with PMI foam core have been tested in standard or specialized tests such as shearing [7,14,20], three point bending [16,18,20], four point bending [5,12,14], edgewise compression [20,22] and indentation [17,21]. According to these studies, the foam's density has significant influence on the failure modes of the sandwich structures [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure mechanism of PMI foam core sandwich beam in bending

Wang

Shi

Zhou

et al. 2015

Int. J. Simul. Multisci. Des. Optim.

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-Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foams have been widely applied in aerospace engineering as the core material of sandwich structures. This paper proposes a modified model to predict the constitutive relation of PMI foams and compares it to existing testing data. The study is then applied to the investigation of the failure mechanism of PMI foam core sandwich beams in bending. Corresponding bending tests were carried out where a complex failure process was observed through a high-speed camera. Numerical model of the foregoing sandwich beam is developed, in which the maximum principal stress criteria is used to predict damage propagation in PMI foam core. Both results from tests and numerical simulation validate the reliability of the theoretical prediction of the failure of PMI foam core sandwich beam using the proposed modified model of PMI foams. This study provides a theoretic tool for the design of sandwich structures with PMI foam core.

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“…It is widely used in the payload fairings and the interstage section of the Delta II satellite launch vehicle, the front end of the 4 Shinkansen high speed train of Japanese railway, space electronic antenna devices, the current Ferrari Formula 1 race cars, and so on. The broad applications are owed to its superior material performance such as high strength-to-density ratio, 100% closed cellular structure, higher levels of heat resistance and strength, good flame retardant properties, and attractive mechanical properties [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Isothermal Curing of PMI Using DMA

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2015

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The isothermal curing of polymethacrylimide (PMI) is studied through the use of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the growth rate of measured dynamic mechanical property, the relative conversion is defined to investigate the evolution of storage modulus at different curing temperatures. Hsich's nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory, Avrami equation, and isoconversional methods are used to analyze isothermal cure kinetics of PMI. The results show that there are different increase modes of at low temperature range and high temperature range, respectively. In low temperature range, the relative conversion curves include a transitional stage which is found to be strongly frequency-dependent, but this stage is not observed in the relative conversion curve in high temperature range. During the isothermal curing process, the relative evolution of can be described by Hsich's nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory and Avrami equation. Moreover, the values and evolutions of activation energy are different in two temperature ranges, which suggest that the curing mechanism probably has changed.

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Experimental investigation of compression moulding of glass/PA12-PMI foam core sandwich components

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Manufacturing of thermoplastic composite sandwich structures

Manufacturing of thermoplastic composite sandwich structures

Failure mechanism of PMI foam core sandwich beam in bending

A Study of Isothermal Curing of PMI Using DMA

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