Experimental Interstitial Keratitis Induced by Onchocerca volvulus Antigens

Interleukin 4 and T helper type 2 cells are required for development of experimental onchocercal keratitis (river blindness).

“…This notion is supported by experimental studies of guinea pigs and mice that show that prior sensitization to live microfilariae or soluble O. volvulus antigens (OvAg) 1 exacerbates stromal keratitis after local injection with the same antigen 1Abbreviations used in this paper: HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; LNC, lymph node cell; mRNA, messenger RNA; OvAg, Onchocerca volvulus Ag; PPD, purified protein derivative; RT, reverse transcription. (16)(17)(18)(19). In the current investigation, we demonstrate that T cells and IL-4 are required for development ofonchocerca/stromal keratitis in mice.…”

“…OvAg was prepared from onchocercal nodules surgically excised from West African patients. To remove human tissue, nodules were digested with 0.4% collagenase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemical Products, Indianapolis, IN) for 8 h at 37~ and washed repeatedly with PBS, pH 7.0 (18,19). Worms were then homogenized on ice in a tissue grinder (Ten Broeck; Baxter Healthcare Corp., McGaw Park, IL), and the homogenate was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 rain.…”

Interleukin 4 and T helper type 2 cells are required for development of experimental onchocercal keratitis (river blindness).

“…This notion is supported by experimental studies of guinea pigs and mice that show that prior sensitization to live microfilariae or soluble O. volvulus antigens (OvAg) 1 exacerbates stromal keratitis after local injection with the same antigen 1Abbreviations used in this paper: HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; LNC, lymph node cell; mRNA, messenger RNA; OvAg, Onchocerca volvulus Ag; PPD, purified protein derivative; RT, reverse transcription. (16)(17)(18)(19). In the current investigation, we demonstrate that T cells and IL-4 are required for development ofonchocerca/stromal keratitis in mice.…”

“…OvAg was prepared from onchocercal nodules surgically excised from West African patients. To remove human tissue, nodules were digested with 0.4% collagenase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemical Products, Indianapolis, IN) for 8 h at 37~ and washed repeatedly with PBS, pH 7.0 (18,19). Worms were then homogenized on ice in a tissue grinder (Ten Broeck; Baxter Healthcare Corp., McGaw Park, IL), and the homogenate was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 rain.…”

Immune defense at the ocular surface

“…60,61 In animal models of onchocerciasis, the clinical disease could be reproduced by the injection of onchocercal extracts. 62 The early inflammatory cellular infiltrate is composed of neutrophils, however; eosinophils are the most prominent inflammatory cells when inflammation peaks. 63,64 In addition, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the cornea is antibody dependent, with PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 playing important roles.…”

Pathogenesis of Onchocercal Keratitis (River Blindness)

“…Gallin et al showed that clinical manifestations similar to onchocercal keratitis can be induced in guinea pigs by direct injection of soluble O. volvulus antigens into the corneal stroma, but only if the animals have been previously sensitized (26). Chakravarti et al found similar results with A/J mice, in which prior immunization with O. volvulus antigens is essential for maximal severity of disease (7).…”

Interleukin 4 and T helper type 2 cells are required for development of experimental onchocercal keratitis (river blindness).

“…This notion is supported by experimental studies of guinea pigs and mice that show that prior sensitization to live microfilariae or soluble O. volvulus antigens (OvAg) 1 exacerbates stromal keratitis after local injection with the same antigen 1Abbreviations used in this paper: HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; LNC, lymph node cell; mRNA, messenger RNA; OvAg, Onchocerca volvulus Ag; PPD, purified protein derivative; RT, reverse transcription. (16)(17)(18)(19). In the current investigation, we demonstrate that T cells and IL-4 are required for development ofonchocerca/stromal keratitis in mice.…”

“…OvAg was prepared from onchocercal nodules surgically excised from West African patients. To remove human tissue, nodules were digested with 0.4% collagenase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemical Products, Indianapolis, IN) for 8 h at 37~ and washed repeatedly with PBS, pH 7.0 (18,19). Worms were then homogenized on ice in a tissue grinder (Ten Broeck; Baxter Healthcare Corp., McGaw Park, IL), and the homogenate was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 rain.…”

Immune defense at the ocular surface

“…60,61 In animal models of onchocerciasis, the clinical disease could be reproduced by the injection of onchocercal extracts. 62 The early inflammatory cellular infiltrate is composed of neutrophils, however; eosinophils are the most prominent inflammatory cells when inflammation peaks. 63,64 In addition, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the cornea is antibody dependent, with PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 playing important roles.…”

Pathogenesis of Onchocercal Keratitis (River Blindness)

“…Gallin et al showed that clinical manifestations similar to onchocercal keratitis can be induced in guinea pigs by direct injection of soluble O. volvulus antigens into the corneal stroma, but only if the animals have been previously sensitized (26). Chakravarti et al found similar results with A/J mice, in which prior immunization with O. volvulus antigens is essential for maximal severity of disease (7).…”

Interleukin 4 and T helper type 2 cells are required for development of experimental onchocercal keratitis (river blindness).

“…This notion is supported by experimental studies of guinea pigs and mice that show that prior sensitization to live microfilariae or soluble O. volvulus antigens (OvAg) 1 exacerbates stromal keratitis after local injection with the same antigen 1Abbreviations used in this paper: HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; LNC, lymph node cell; mRNA, messenger RNA; OvAg, Onchocerca volvulus Ag; PPD, purified protein derivative; RT, reverse transcription. (16)(17)(18)(19). In the current investigation, we demonstrate that T cells and IL-4 are required for development ofonchocerca/stromal keratitis in mice.…”

“…OvAg was prepared from onchocercal nodules surgically excised from West African patients. To remove human tissue, nodules were digested with 0.4% collagenase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemical Products, Indianapolis, IN) for 8 h at 37~ and washed repeatedly with PBS, pH 7.0 (18,19). Worms were then homogenized on ice in a tissue grinder (Ten Broeck; Baxter Healthcare Corp., McGaw Park, IL), and the homogenate was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 rain.…”

Immune defense at the ocular surface

“…60,61 In animal models of onchocerciasis, the clinical disease could be reproduced by the injection of onchocercal extracts. 62 The early inflammatory cellular infiltrate is composed of neutrophils, however; eosinophils are the most prominent inflammatory cells when inflammation peaks. 63,64 In addition, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the cornea is antibody dependent, with PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 playing important roles.…”

Pathogenesis of Onchocercal Keratitis (River Blindness)

“…Gallin et al showed that clinical manifestations similar to onchocercal keratitis can be induced in guinea pigs by direct injection of soluble O. volvulus antigens into the corneal stroma, but only if the animals have been previously sensitized (26). Chakravarti et al found similar results with A/J mice, in which prior immunization with O. volvulus antigens is essential for maximal severity of disease (7).…”