Experimental Exophthalmos and Associated Myopathy Induced by the Thyrotropic Extract

The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…In some earlier studies on exper¬ imental exophthalmos, anterior pituitary extract was used as a source of TSH to induce histological changes, in the orbital tissues of rodents, which were similar to those found in patients with TAO (Smelser, 1936;Paulson, 1937;Aird, 1940). It is now known that the pituitary gland is rich in cytokines, especially fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Gospodaropwicz, Weseman, Moran & Lindstrom, 1976) and insulin¬ like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (Binoux, Hossenlopp, Lassarre & Hardouin, 1981).…”

The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…In some earlier studies on exper¬ imental exophthalmos, anterior pituitary extract was used as a source of TSH to induce histological changes, in the orbital tissues of rodents, which were similar to those found in patients with TAO (Smelser, 1936;Paulson, 1937;Aird, 1940). It is now known that the pituitary gland is rich in cytokines, especially fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Gospodaropwicz, Weseman, Moran & Lindstrom, 1976) and insulin¬ like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (Binoux, Hossenlopp, Lassarre & Hardouin, 1981).…”

The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…In some earlier studies on exper¬ imental exophthalmos, anterior pituitary extract was used as a source of TSH to induce histological changes, in the orbital tissues of rodents, which were similar to those found in patients with TAO (Smelser, 1936;Paulson, 1937;Aird, 1940). It is now known that the pituitary gland is rich in cytokines, especially fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Gospodaropwicz, Weseman, Moran & Lindstrom, 1976) and insulin¬ like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (Binoux, Hossenlopp, Lassarre & Hardouin, 1981).…”

The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…In some earlier studies on exper¬ imental exophthalmos, anterior pituitary extract was used as a source of TSH to induce histological changes, in the orbital tissues of rodents, which were similar to those found in patients with TAO (Smelser, 1936;Paulson, 1937;Aird, 1940). It is now known that the pituitary gland is rich in cytokines, especially fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Gospodaropwicz, Weseman, Moran & Lindstrom, 1976) and insulin¬ like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (Binoux, Hossenlopp, Lassarre & Hardouin, 1981).…”