Experimental Design and Surgical Approach to Create a Spinal Fusion Model in a New Zealand White Rabbit (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>)

Virk, Sohrab; Coble, Dondrae J; Bertone, Alicia L.; Hussein, Hayam; Khan, Safdar N.

doi:10.1080/08941939.2016.1235748

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…General anesthesia with intubation was provided for these rabbits using ketamine intramuscularly (20–50 mg/kg) and xylazine (1–5 mg/kg). A standard posterolateral rabbit fusion was performed at L5–L6 29–31 . This technique utilizes a 4–5 cm incision centered over the rabbit’s spine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Study on Percutaneous Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphongenetic Protein-2 Augments Fusion in a Nicotine-impaired Rabbit Fusion Model

Virk,

Vaishnav,

Kumagai

et al. 2023

Clinical Spine Surgery: A Spine Publication

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Study Design: A nicotine-impaired spinal fusion rabbit model. Objective: To examine whether controlled delivery of morselized absorbable collagen sponge recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) in a delayed manner postsurgery would allow for improved bone healing. Summary of Background Data: The current delivery method of rhBMP-2 during surgery causes a burst of rhBMP-2, which is not sustained. Given that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression peaks later in the fusion process, there may be the benefit of delivery of rhBMP-2 later in the healing process. Methods: Sixteen male 1-year-old rabbits underwent a posterolateral spinal fusion with iliac crest bone graft at L5–L6 while being given nicotine to prevent spinal fusion as previously published. Eight were controls, whereas 8 had morselized rhBMP-2 (4.2 mg) injected at the fusion site at 4 weeks postoperatively. Histologic, radiologic, and palpation examinations were performed at 12 weeks to determine fusion status and the volume of bone formed. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used for histology. A Student t test was used to compare the computed tomography scan measured volume of bone created between the control cohort (CC) and rhBMP-2 delayed delivery cohort (BMP-DDC). Results: Of the total, 7/8 rabbits in the BMP-DDC and 5/8 rabbits in the CC formed definitive fusion with a positive palpation examination, bridging bone between transverse processes on computed tomography scan, and an x-ray showing fusion. Histologic analysis revealed newly remodeled bone within the BMP-DDC. There was an increased average volume of bone formed within the BMP-DDC versus the CC (22.6 ± 13.1 vs 11.1 ± 3.6 cm3, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Our study shows that injectable morselized absorbable collagen sponge/rhBMP-2 can create twice as much bone within a nicotine-impaired rabbit spine fusion model when delivered 4 weeks out from the time of surgery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A standard posterolateral rabbit fusion was performed at L5-L6. [29][30][31] This technique utilizes a 4-5 cm incision centered over the rabbit's spine. Palpation of the iliac crest and spinous processes was done to properly locate the L5-L6 spinous processes after counting up from L7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study on Percutaneous Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphongenetic Protein-2 Augments Fusion in a Nicotine-impaired Rabbit Fusion Model

Virk,

Vaishnav,

Kumagai

et al. 2023

Clinical Spine Surgery: A Spine Publication

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“…To build upon the exciting in vitro bioactivity observed with composite hydrogels, their in vivo biocompatibility and spinal fusion properties were assessed. 15,[30][31][32][33] First, various hydrogel formulations were implanted intramuscularly into C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. All mice were found to be healthy through the 14 days of the study.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Chitosan Hydrogels In Vivo Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Fusion Properties of Mechanically-Reinforced, Osteomodulatory Chitosan Hydrogels

Darkow

Herbert

Messler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lower back pain is a considerable medical problem that will impact 80% of the U.S. population at some point in their life. For the most severe cases, surgical repair is necessary and is associated with costs upwards of $10.2 billion annually in the United States. To alleviate back pain, spine fusions are a common treatment in which two or more vertebrae are biologically fused together often through the use of a graft material. Unfortunately, iliac crest bone autograft, the current gold standard graft material, can yield insufficient fusion and is associated with considerable donor site morbidity and pain as well as limited supply. Therefore, new materials need to be developed in order to better coordinate healing and new bone growth in the affected area to reduce unnecessary patient burden. In order to address this issue, the incorporation of allograft and one of two types of cellulose (i.e., 0CNCs and CNFs) into a dual-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel loaded with bioactive calcium phosphate was investigated. Hydrogels were then tested for both their material and biological properties. Specifically, hydrogel swelling ratio, mass loss, ion release profile, compressive strength, in vitro biocompatibility and osteoinduction as well as in vivo biocompatibility, and effectiveness in a spine fusion model were determined. Cellulose and allograft incorporation significantly improved hydrogel compressive strength and biocompatibility and CNFs were found to be a significantly more biocompatible form of cellulose than 0CNCs. Additionally, through the controlled delivery of osteoinductive simple signaling molecules (i.e., calcium and phosphate ions), DCF-loaded CNF/Chitosan hydrogels were able to induce osteoblast-like activity in murine mesenchymal stem cells. When evaluated in vivo, these hydrogels were found to be non-toxic though the subacute phase (14 days). A 6-week rabbit spine fusion found these materials to achieve near complete fusion when assessed radiographically. This research provides considerable support for the utility of our novel material for spine fusion procedures as well as other future bone applications.

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“…However, autologous bone grafts are limited by additional surgical trauma, donor site complications, and the inadequate autogenous bone supply ( Sekerci et al, 2013 ; Fomekong et al, 2017 ). Fusion failure is often caused by cage loosening and related complications (5–35%), so choosing an appropriate interbody cage or not directly affects the success rate of surgery ( Virk et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials for Interbody Fusion in Bone Tissue Engineering

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In recent years, interbody fusion cages have played an important role in interbody fusion surgery for treating diseases like disc protrusion and spondylolisthesis. However, traditional cages cannot achieve satisfactory results due to their unreasonable design, poor material biocompatibility, and induced osteogenesis ability, limiting their application. There are currently 3 ways to improve the fusion effect, as follows. First, the interbody fusion cage is designed to facilitate bone ingrowth through the preliminary design. Second, choose interbody fusion cages made of different materials to meet the variable needs of interbody fusion. Finally, complete post-processing steps, such as coating the designed cage, to achieve a suitable osseointegration microstructure, and add other bioactive materials to achieve the most suitable biological microenvironment of bone tissue and improve the fusion effect. The focus of this review is on the design methods of interbody fusion cages, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, the influence of post-processing techniques and additional materials on interbody fusion, and the prospects for the future development of interbody fusion cages.

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Experimental Design and Surgical Approach to Create a Spinal Fusion Model in a New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Pilot Study on Percutaneous Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphongenetic Protein-2 Augments Fusion in a Nicotine-impaired Rabbit Fusion Model

Pilot Study on Percutaneous Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphongenetic Protein-2 Augments Fusion in a Nicotine-impaired Rabbit Fusion Model

Spinal Fusion Properties of Mechanically-Reinforced, Osteomodulatory Chitosan Hydrogels

Biomaterials for Interbody Fusion in Bone Tissue Engineering

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