Experimental complex for investigations of high temperature capillarity phenomena

Sobczak, N.; Nowak, R.; Radziwill, W.; Budzioch, Janusz; Glenz, A.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.094

Cited by 81 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The sessile drop (SD) method (Ref 22,23) was applied to investigate a high-temperature wetting behavior of molten Cu on C Gn /SiC sc substrate using an experimental complex described in details in Ref 23. Directly before loading into vacuum chamber, the graphene-coated SiC substrate was taken from a sealed capsule and placed on alumina support located inside tantalum-resistant heater of vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directly before loading into vacuum chamber, the graphene-coated SiC substrate was taken from a sealed capsule and placed on alumina support located inside tantalum-resistant heater of vacuum chamber. In order to avoid the effects of native oxide film on metal sample as well as to eliminate the impact of heating history on wetting behavior, the research was performed under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions using a non-contact heating of a metal and a substrate combined with capillary purification (cp) as described in the works (Ref 22,23). For this purpose, also directly before loading into vacuum chamber, the Cu sample was cleaned mechanically and ultrasonically in isopropanol and placed inside a ceramic capillary (made of either graphite or alumina) positioned above the C Gn /SiC sc substrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Homa

Sobczak

et al. 2018

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The wettability of graphene-coated SiC single crystal (C Gn /SiC sc ) by liquid Cu (99.99%) was investigated by a sessile drop method in vacuum conditions at temperature of 1100°C. The graphene layer was produced via a chemical vapor deposition routine using 4H-SiC single crystal cut out from 6¢¢ wafer. A dispensed drop technique combined with a non-contact heating of a couple of materials was applied. The Cu drop was squeezed from a graphite capillary and deposited on the substrate directly in a vacuum chamber. The first Cu drop did not wet the C Gn /SiC sc substrate and showed a lack of adhesion to the substrate: the falling Cu drop only touched the substrate forming a contact angle of h 0 = 121°and then immediately rolled like a ball along the substrate surface. After settling near the edge of the substrate in about 0.15 s, the Cu drop formed an asymmetric shape with the right and left contact angles of different values (h R = 86°and h L = 70°, respectively), while in the next 30 min, h R and h L achieved the same final value of $ 52°. The second Cu drop was put down on the displacement path of the first drop, and immediately after the deposition, it also did not wet the substrate (h = 123°). This drop kept symmetry and the primary position, but its wetting behavior was unusual: both h R and h L decreased in 17 min to the value of 23°and next, they increased to a final value of 65°. Visual observations revealed a presence of $ 2.5-mm-thick interfacial phase layer reactively formed under the second drop. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations revealed the presence of carbon-enriched precipitates on the top surface of the first Cu drop. These precipitates were identified by the Raman spectroscopy as double-layer graphene. The Raman spectrum taken from the substrate far from the drop revealed the presence of graphene, while that obtained from the first drop displacement path exhibited a decreased intensity of 2D peak. The results of SEM investigations and Raman spectroscopy studies suggest that the presence of graphene layer on the SiC substrate suppresses but does not completely prevent chemical interaction between liquid Cu drop and SiC. Both chemical degradation (etching) and mechanical degradation of the graphene layer during drop rolling due to high adhesion of the Cu drop to the SiC substrate are responsible for mass transfer through the 2nd drop/substrate interface that in turn results in significant changes of structure and chemistry of the drop and the interface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Homa

Sobczak

et al. 2018

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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“…Experimental complex, described in details in [44], equipped with several manipulators was used. It should be highlighted that the design of experimental complex, built from a few independent and directly interconnected vacuum chambers, allows to load and to remove the metal samples, the substrates and the capillaries without necessity to open the working (high temperature) vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic, surface and structural properties of liquid Co-Si alloys

Novaković

Giuranno

Caccia

et al. 2016

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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The knowledge of thermophysical properties of liquid Co-Si alloys is a key requirement for manufacturing of composite materials by infiltration method. Despite this need, the experimental and predicted property data of the Co-Si system are scarce and often inconsistent between the various sources. In the present work the mixing behaviour of Co-Si melts has been analyzed through the study of the concentration dependence of various thermodynamic, surface (surface tension and surface composition) and structural properties (concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limit and chemical short-range order parameter) in the framework of the Compound Formation Model (CFM) and Quasi Chemical Approximation for regular solutions (QCA). In addition, the surface tension of the Co 22.5 Si 77.5 (in at %) eutectic alloy, that is proposed to be used as the infiltrant, has been measured by the pendant drop method at temperatures ranging from 1593 to 1773 K. The results obtained were discussed with respect to both, temperature and concentration, and subsequently compared with the model predictions and literature data.

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“…In general, the sessile drop method is supposed one of the promising methods to evaluate wettability including reactive wetting at high temperatures. [15][16][17] It has been applied also to study the galvanizing process by several research groups recent years, leading to an consensus that surface oxides disturb wetting. 7,13,[18][19][20][21] However, the specific effects of oxides during wetting have not been clearly illustrated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Model Surface and Wetting Experiment for a Fundamental Understanding of Hot-dip Galvanizing

Kawano

Renner

2011

ISIJ Int.

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The wettability of molten zinc-aluminum on a steel substrate is an important issue in the hot-dip galvanizing process for automotive applications. Especially, the effects of surface oxides have been current topics during recent years. However wetting behavior under the effects of oxide has not been well illustrated due to the complexity of the surface of actually used steel. In this work, wetting experiments using molten zinc-aluminum were applied to tailored model surfaces of iron to investigate its fundamental behavior. Well-defined aluminum oxide islands were successfully patterned on iron surfaces by physical vapor deposition with masks for this purpose. The sessile drop method with zinc-aluminum was conducted in a laboratory-made apparatus. This apparatus included a unique spin-off technique that allowed us to make an interface analysis at the early stage of wetting. The initial contact angles of the patterned samples were revealed to have followed the Cassie equation. This indicates that the wetting of zinc-aluminum on an oxide-iron system can be treated as if it is a static wetting in its initial stage, even though this system is originally considered as a reactive wetting. The molten zinc-aluminum on a patterned sample diffused into the interface between the oxide islands and the substrate in the stage after initial wetting. It is suggested that this manner of zinc-aluminum diffusion plays a key role in the reaction and formation of the interface during the hot-dip galvanizing process.

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Experimental complex for investigations of high temperature capillarity phenomena

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Thermodynamic, surface and structural properties of liquid Co-Si alloys

Tailoring Model Surface and Wetting Experiment for a Fundamental Understanding of Hot-dip Galvanizing

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