Experimental Cataract Produced by Three Centimeter Pulsed Microwave Irradiations

Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture

“…Richardson, Duane and Hines [27] confirmed the observations that microwaves, when applied to the eye at a power output of 100 watts and at a wavelength of 12 cm., for fifteen minutes, would produce cataractous lenticular opacities. Then Feucht, Richardson and Hines [28] found that microwaves of a wavelength of 12 cm.…”

Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture

“…Richardson, Duane and Hines [27] confirmed the observations that microwaves, when applied to the eye at a power output of 100 watts and at a wavelength of 12 cm., for fifteen minutes, would produce cataractous lenticular opacities. Then Feucht, Richardson and Hines [28] found that microwaves of a wavelength of 12 cm.…”

Microwave Radiation

“…In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm. Their findings have since been confirmed by data from experiments at the same frequency (6, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29, 54, 60, 103, 104) and at other microwave frequencies: 2,800 MHz (92), 3,000 MHz (11), 5,500 MHz (15), and 8,000‐10,050 MHz (15, 29, 84). Experiments in which comparatively low frequencies were employed, such as 200 MHz (80), 385 and 468 MHz (35), resulted in no changes in lens transparency.…”

“…The eye seems to be particularly susceptible to damage from microwave irradiation, and it has been the subject of extensive research. Its characteristic response, the development of opacities (cataracts) in the lens, was first described in 1948 in independent but nearly coincident reports by two groups of investigators: in the dog by Daily et al (37) and in the rabbit by Richardson et al (83). In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm.…”

Thresholds for Lenticular Damage in the Rabbit Eye Due to Single Exposure to CW Microwave Radiation

“…(~) and equation (7) for a frequency of 2.45 GHz. equation(7) and the experimental data do not agree well at peak temperatures for the higher power densities, the agreement is satisfactory up to the threshold temperature.Whereas, ELY et u [ . (~) use a constant threshold temperature of 45°C for the formation of eye opacities in their analysis, the data of CARPENTER et u L .…”

Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture

“…Richardson, Duane and Hines [27] confirmed the observations that microwaves, when applied to the eye at a power output of 100 watts and at a wavelength of 12 cm., for fifteen minutes, would produce cataractous lenticular opacities. Then Feucht, Richardson and Hines [28] found that microwaves of a wavelength of 12 cm.…”

Microwave Radiation

“…In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm. Their findings have since been confirmed by data from experiments at the same frequency (6, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29, 54, 60, 103, 104) and at other microwave frequencies: 2,800 MHz (92), 3,000 MHz (11), 5,500 MHz (15), and 8,000‐10,050 MHz (15, 29, 84). Experiments in which comparatively low frequencies were employed, such as 200 MHz (80), 385 and 468 MHz (35), resulted in no changes in lens transparency.…”

“…The eye seems to be particularly susceptible to damage from microwave irradiation, and it has been the subject of extensive research. Its characteristic response, the development of opacities (cataracts) in the lens, was first described in 1948 in independent but nearly coincident reports by two groups of investigators: in the dog by Daily et al (37) and in the rabbit by Richardson et al (83). In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm.…”

Thresholds for Lenticular Damage in the Rabbit Eye Due to Single Exposure to CW Microwave Radiation

“…(~) and equation (7) for a frequency of 2.45 GHz. equation(7) and the experimental data do not agree well at peak temperatures for the higher power densities, the agreement is satisfactory up to the threshold temperature.Whereas, ELY et u [ . (~) use a constant threshold temperature of 45°C for the formation of eye opacities in their analysis, the data of CARPENTER et u L .…”

Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture

“…Richardson, Duane and Hines [27] confirmed the observations that microwaves, when applied to the eye at a power output of 100 watts and at a wavelength of 12 cm., for fifteen minutes, would produce cataractous lenticular opacities. Then Feucht, Richardson and Hines [28] found that microwaves of a wavelength of 12 cm.…”

Microwave Radiation

“…In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm. Their findings have since been confirmed by data from experiments at the same frequency (6, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29, 54, 60, 103, 104) and at other microwave frequencies: 2,800 MHz (92), 3,000 MHz (11), 5,500 MHz (15), and 8,000‐10,050 MHz (15, 29, 84). Experiments in which comparatively low frequencies were employed, such as 200 MHz (80), 385 and 468 MHz (35), resulted in no changes in lens transparency.…”

“…The eye seems to be particularly susceptible to damage from microwave irradiation, and it has been the subject of extensive research. Its characteristic response, the development of opacities (cataracts) in the lens, was first described in 1948 in independent but nearly coincident reports by two groups of investigators: in the dog by Daily et al (37) and in the rabbit by Richardson et al (83). In both studies, the frequency of the continuous wave radiation was 2,450 MHz; the wavelength was 12.3 cm.…”

Thresholds for Lenticular Damage in the Rabbit Eye Due to Single Exposure to CW Microwave Radiation

“…(~) and equation (7) for a frequency of 2.45 GHz. equation(7) and the experimental data do not agree well at peak temperatures for the higher power densities, the agreement is satisfactory up to the threshold temperature.Whereas, ELY et u [ . (~) use a constant threshold temperature of 45°C for the formation of eye opacities in their analysis, the data of CARPENTER et u L .…”