Experimental approaches for distribution and behavior of water in PEMFC under flow direction and differential pressure using neutron imaging technique

Kim, Taejoo; Kim, Jongrok; Sim, Cheul Muu; Lee, SeungWook; Kaviany, Massound; Son, Sang-Young; Kim, Moo-Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.11.083

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The neutron images of each of the flow fields ( Fig. 8(c)) show that in addition to a higher integral water content with counter-flow operation, as also shown by Kim et al [40] there appear distinct water distributions between the two configurations. The chart on the right side of Fig.…”

Section: Co-flow Vs Counter-flow Configurationssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Park indicated that water accumulates in the GDL region adjacent to gas flow channel, while water under lands seems to be effectively removed. Kim et al [40] examined flow direction with three-parallel serpentine flow fields, indicating different water characteristics but nearly identical performance between the co-and counter-flows. Mukundan et al [24] used highresolution neutron radiography to probe the water distribution in the through-plane direction, indicating that more water appears on the anode side when the cathode MPL has higher PTFE loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the water content in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron radiography

Mishler

Wang

Mukundan

et al. 2012

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Co-flow Vs Counter-flow Configurationssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the water content in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron radiography

Mishler

Wang

Mukundan

et al. 2012

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Ultimately, flooding limits the reactant flow to the CLs, and can be responsible for the inception or acceleration of a variety of physiochemical degradation modes. There have been numerous studies completed to examine water transport, generation and removal from within fuel cells as a parametric variation of temperature, current, gas flow rate, relative humidity, cell pressure, and channel design [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Temperature Driven Flow in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using High-Resolution Neutron Radiography

Hatzell

Turhan²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A temperature gradient is known to exist within the fuel cell components during operation and for sometime after shutdown. In this study, a controlled temperature gradient across a single fuel cell was quantitatively investigated using high-resolution neutron imaging. The direction of liquid water transport under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions was observed in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic diffusion media (DM). The change in distribution of liquid saturation with time revealed two different mechanisms of water transport within the DM acting in opposite directions, and the balance between these two mechanisms was investigated. A maximum liquid saturation plateau of ca. 30% was shown for all conditions tested, suggesting the critical transition between pendular and funicular modes of liquid water storage was captured. Both average cell temperature and the magnitude of temperature gradient were shown to significantly affect the rate of condensation within the DM. Reducing the temperature gradient by 50% decreased the condensation rate by 220%, while halving the average cell temperature reduced the condensation rate by 560%. Experimental results were compared with water saturation distribution model predictions from literature and show reasonable qualitative agreement. Finally it was concluded that current available models significantly over predict vapor phase transport in saturated fuel cell media.iii

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“…Since then, a large number institutes equipped with neutron sources have explored this technique as an experimental tool to perform in situ non-destructive analysis on an operational PEM fuel cell, such as visualization of water accumulation along the in-plane direction to observe a two-dimensional distribution of water [92,99,102,[120][121][122], especially the liquid water distribution in the cathodic flow fields and GDL [81,84,90,91,97,98,[100][101][102], and the water accumulation [82,83,[95][96][97][98] as well as content [80,85,88,90] in the channels of the cathode and anode.…”

Section: Neutron Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2009

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At present, despite the great advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology over the past two decades through intensive research and development activities, their large-scale commercialization is still hampered by their higher materials cost and lower reliability and durability. In this review, water management is given special consideration. Water management is of vital importance to achieve maximum performance and durability from PEMFCs. On the one hand, to maintain good proton conductivity, the relative humidity of inlet gases is typically held at a large value to ensure that the membrane remains fully hydrated. On the other hand, the pores of the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are frequently flooded by excessive liquid water, resulting in a higher mass transport resistance. Thus, a subtle equilibrium has to be maintained between membrane drying and liquid water flooding to prevent fuel cell degradation and guarantee a high performance level, which is the essential problem of water management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art studies of water management, including the experimental methods and modeling and simulation for the characterization of water management and the water management strategies. As one important aspect of water management, water flooding has been extensively studied during the last two decades. Herein, the causes, detection, effects on cell performance and mitigation strategies of water flooding are overviewed in detail. In the end of the paper the emphasis is given to: (i) the delicate equilibrium of membrane drying vs. water flooding in water management; (ii) determining which phenomenon is principally responsible for the deterioration of the PEMFC performance, the flooding of the porous electrode or the gas

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Experimental approaches for distribution and behavior of water in PEMFC under flow direction and differential pressure using neutron imaging technique

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Probing the water content in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron radiography

Probing the water content in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron radiography

Quantification of Temperature Driven Flow in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using High-Resolution Neutron Radiography

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

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